Alfonso VI, 516. Pedro II; João V, 519. The colonies decline, 521. The reign of José I, 522. The great minister Pombal, 523. The earthquake at Lisbon (November 1st, 1755), 525. Pombal and the Jesuits, 527. A plot to assassinate the king, 528. The exile of the Jesuits, 529. War with Spain, 530. Schlosser’s estimate of Pombal, 531. The new queen and reaction, 533. The regency and the French Revolution, 536. The invasion of the French, 537. The Throne moves to Brazil, 538. The Peninsula War, 539. Portugal an English province, 541. The revolt and recall of the king, 542. The loss of Brazil, 543. CHAPTER V THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (1822-1900 A.D.) 544 Portugal receives a new ruler and a new constitution, 546. Dom Miguel seizes the power, 547. Maria II, 550. Cabral and the Chartists in power, 553. The Septembrists overthrow Costa Cabral, 554. The reign of Luiz, 557. Carlos I becomes king, 559. Portuguese literature, 560. APPENDIX A THE INQUISITION 562 The Cathari, 564. The Waldenses, 565. Crusade against the Albigenses, 566. The Inquisition established, 567. Method of procedure with a suspect, 570. John Fox on the evils of the Inquisition, 572. How a penitent was treated, 573. The history of torture, 574. A contemporary account of the preliminaries to torture, 575. Limborch’s account of the fate of a Jew, 578. The other forms of torture, 580. Tormento di Toca, 580. The chafing-dish; the water-cure, 580. The proceedings against an Englishwoman, 581. Inquisitorial documents, 582. How the record was kept, 583. The proper form of torture for women, 583. Later history of the Inquisition of Spain, 584. State of the Jews in Spain, 585. “Conversion” of the Jews, 586. Queen Isabella persuaded to persecution, 587. The Inquisition of 1481, 589. The Spanish or “Modern” Inquisition established, 590. The Auto da fé, 591. Torquemada and his successors, 592. Llorente’s computation of the victims of the Inquisition, 595. Effects and influences of the Inquisition, 598. BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS 599 A BRIEF RÉSUMÉ OF SPANISH HISTORY (711-1902 A.D.) 601 A BRIEF RÉSUMÉ OF PORTUGUESE HISTORY (997-1903 A.D.) 628 A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SPANISH HISTORY 637 A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PORTUGUESE HISTORY 650 BOOK I THE HISTORY OF SPAIN FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY CHAPTER I. LAND AND PEOPLE; AND GOTHIC SWAY [Sidenote: [TO 711 A.D.]]