Palaiologoi at Montferrat; house of Visconti at Milan; the duchy of Milan; its dismemberment; duchy of Parma and Piacenza 240-242 Land power of Venice 242-243 Other principalities; duchy of Mantua, of Ferrara and Modena; difference in their tenure 243-244 Romagna; Bologna; Urbino; advance of the Popes 244 The Tuscan cities; Lucca; rivalry of Pisa and Genoa; Siena; Florence 245 Duchy of Florence; grand duchy of Tuscany 246 § 4. _The Later Geography of Italy._ The kingdom practically forgotten; position of Charles the Fifth 246 Italy a geographical expression; changes in the Italian states 246-247 Dominion of the two branches of the house of Austria 247 Italy mapped into larger states; exceptions at Monaco and San Marino 247 Venice; Milan Spanish and Austrian; its dismemberment in favour of Savoy; end of Montferrat and Mantua 248-249 Parma and Piacenza; separation of Modena and Ferrara; Genoa and Lucca; Grand Duchy of Tuscany; advance of the Popes 249 The Norman kingdom of Sicily; Benevento 250 The Two Sicilies; their various unions and divisions; their relations to the houses of Austria, Savoy and Bourbon 250-251 Use of the name _Sardinia_ 251 Wars of the French Revolution; the new republics; Treaty of Campo Formio; Piedmont joined to France 251-253 Restoration of the Pope and the King of the Two Sicilies 253 The French kingdoms; Etruria; Italy 253 Various annexations; Rome becomes French; Murat King of Naples 253-254 Italy under French dominion; revival of the Italian name 254-255 Settlement of 1814-1815; the princes restored, but not the commonwealths 255 Austrian kingdom of Lombardy and Venice; Genoa annexed by Piedmont 255-256 The smaller states; the Papal states; Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 256 Union of Italy comes from Piedmont; earlier movements; war of 1859; Kingdom of Italy: Savoy and Nizza ceded to France 257-258 Recovery of Venetia and Rome; parts of the kingdom not recovered 258 Freedom of San Marino 258 § 5. _The Kingdom of Burgundy._ Union of Burgundy with Germany; dying out of the kingdom; chiefly swallowed up by France, but represented by Switzerland 258-259