Deliverance of part of Bulgaria; the Bulgaria of San Stefano 454 Treaty of Berlin; division of Bulgaria into free, half-free, and enslaved 454-455 Principality of Bulgaria; Eastern Roumelia 454 General survey 455-460 Note on M. Sathas 460-461 CHAPTER XI. THE BALTIC LANDS. Lands beyond the two Empires; the British islands; Scandinavia; Spain 462-463 _Quasi_-imperial position of certain powers 462-463 Comparison of Scandinavia and Spain; of Aragon and Sweden 463-464 Eastern and Western aspect of Scandinavia 464 General view of the Baltic lands; the Northern Slavonic lands, their relations to Germany and Hungary 465 Characteristics of Poland and Russia 465 The primitive nations, Aryan and non-Aryan 455-466 Central position of the North-Slavonic lands; barbarian neighbours of Russia and Scandinavia; Russian conquest and colonization by land 467 Relation of the Baltic lands to the two Empires; Norway always independent; relations of Sweden and Denmark to the Western Empire 467 The Western Empire and the West-Slavonic lands; relations of Poland to the Western Empire 467 Relations of Russia to the Eastern Church and Empire; Imperial style of Russia 468 § 1. _The Scandinavian Lands after the Separation of the Empires._ The Baltic still mainly held by the earlier races; formation of the Scandinavian kingdom 468-499 Formation of the Danish kingdom; its extent; frontier of the Eider; the Danish march 469 Use of the name _Northmen_; formation of the kingdom of Norway 469-470 The Swedes and Gauts; the Swedish kingdom 470 Its fluctuations towards Norway and Denmark; its growth towards the north 470 Western conquests and settlements of the Danes and Northmen 471 Settlements in Britain and Gaul 471 Settlements in Orkney, Man, Iceland, Ireland, &c. 471 Expeditions to the East; Danish occupation of Samland; Jomsburg 471 Swedish conquest of Curland; Scandinavians in Russia 472 § 2. _The Lands East and South of the Baltic at the Separation of the Empires._ Slaves between Elbe and Dnieper; their lack of sea-board 472-473