Conquest and Romanization of Spain 56-57 Transalpine Gaul; the Province 57 Conquests of Cæsar; threefold division of Gaul 57-58 Boundaries of Gaul purely geographical; survival of nomenclature 57-58 Roman Africa; restoration of Carthage 58-60 § 4. _The Eastern Provinces._ Contrast between the Eastern and Western provinces; Greek civilization in the East 60 Distinctions among the Eastern provinces; boundary of Tauros 60-61 The Illyrian provinces; kingdom of Skodra; conquest of Dalmatia and Istria 62-63 The outlying Greek lands: Crete, Cyprus, Kyrênê 63 The Asiatic provinces; province of Asia; Mithridatic War; independence of Lykia 64 Syria; Palestine 65 Rome and Parthia 65 Conquest of Egypt; the Roman Peace 66 § 5. _Conquests under the Empire._ Conquests from Augustus to Nero; incorporation of vassal kingdoms 66-67 Attempted conquest of Germany; frontiers of Rhine and Danube; conquests on the Danube 67-68 Attempt on Arabia 68 Annexation of Thrace and Byzantion 68 Conquest of Britain; the wall 69 Conquests of Trajan; his Asiatic conquests surrendered by Hadrian 70 Arabia Petræa 70 Dacia; change of the name 70-71 Roman, Greek, and Oriental parts of the Empire 71 CHAPTER IV. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE EMPIRE. § 1. _The Later Geography of the Empire._ Changes under the Empire; loss of old divisions 73 New divisions of Italy under Augustus 74 Division of the Empire under Diocletian 74-75 The four Prætorian Prefectures 75 Prefecture of the East; its character 75-76 Its dioceses; the East; Egypt, Asia, Pontos 76 Diocese of Thrace; provinces of Scythia and Europa 76-77 Great cities of the Eastern prefecture 77 Prefecture of Illyricum; position of Greece 77-78 Dioceses of Macedonia and Dacia; province of Achaia 78 Prefecture of Italy; its extent 78 Dioceses of Italy, Illyricum, and Africa; greatness of Carthage 79 Prefecture of Gaul 79