M. Loisy on the testimony of Paul. His misconception as to its bearings on the myth-theory. Van Manen helped by his own thesis to accept the historicity of Jesus. The myth-theory quite independent of the dating of the Epistles. Importance of noting that, early or late, they are interpolated. M. Loisy's treatment of the documentary problem. Van Manen's strong case against the Epistles. Need to revise the details of the chronology. Also to orient the myth-theory aright. Inadequacy of the theories of Kalthoff and Kautsky 185 Chapter XIX.--THE HISTORY OF THE DISCUSSION Prospects of controversy. Slow advance of the "liberal" view. Identity of the final positions of Strauss and Loisy. Tentative beginnings of the myth-theory. Effects of persecution and of Strauss's final dialectic. Schweitzer on the evolution "from Reimarus to Wrede." Bruno Bauer. Claims for "the German temperament." Need for a truly scientific temper. Effects of Bauer's flaws of mood and method. Schweitzer's amenity and candour. Demonstrates the shortsightedness of German specialism. Schweitzer's ignorance concerning the myth-theory in its later developments. His laxities in research. His own thesis 193 Chapter XX.--THE GROUND CLEARED FOR THE MYTH-THEORY The issue as between Schweitzer and Wrede. Each destroys one half of the "liberal" case for historicity. Schweitzer confutes Wrede, and then puts a still more untenable view. His acceptance of the triumphal entry into Jerusalem as historical. His Jesus hailed not as a Messiah but as Elias. Schweitzer's new view of the Betrayal. Judas a revealer of his Master's private claim to be Messiah. The multitude supposed to be thus cleared of the charge of fickleness. Schweitzer's fallacy as to Messianic claims being blasphemous. His service to criticism by clearing the ground. His final ethical and sociological confusion. The fortunes of the myth-theory in England. Early adumbrations. Difference in modern spirit and method, resulting from establishment of anthropology as a science. Lyell and Tylor. Schweitzer's scientific temper. The myth-theory. The battleground of the future. Positions of Sir J. G. Frazer. Countervailing declarations by supporters of the myth-theory. The question one of science, not sentiment 201 Conclusion 211 Index 217 PREAMBLE