Failure of the rice crops, and consequent famine in Japan, have been the means of introducing wheaten flour into this country more rapidly than anything else could have done. Most remarkable is the universal favour that bread and similar floury concoctions are beginning to enjoy in the treaty ports. This article of food has become completely Japanized, and sells in forms unknown to Europeans. _Tsuke-pau_, sold by peripatetic vendors, who push their wares along in a tiny roofed hand-cart, is much liked by the poorer classes. It consists of slices—thick, generous slices—of bread dipped in soy and brown sugar, and then fried or toasted. Each slice has a skewer passed through it, which the buyer returns after demolishing the bread. Flour is now used in many other ways besides the manufacture of simple bread. There is _Kash-pau_, cake bread, which is sold everywhere. As the name implies, it is a sort of sweet breadstuff made into cakes of various sizes and artistic figures, according to the skill and fancy of the baker. To an European palate this _Kash-pau_ is rather dry and tasteless, but it is very cheap, and for five _sen_ (three-halfpence) a huge paper bagful can be bought. _Kasuteira_, or sponge cake, is not so much sought after as it used to be. Yet some bakeries, such as the _Fugetsu-do_ and _Tsuboya_, excel in producing the lightest and most delicious sponge cake. Millet, in China, is only used as food by the very poor. Wheat is not the primary article of food among the natives of India, and hitherto only enough has been produced for home consumption; but of late years much has been grown for export, and being of a particularly hard nature is useful for mixing with the softer kinds. Still, it is used by itself, and is made into unleavened cakes called _Chupatees_. These are made by mixing flour and water together, with a little salt, into a paste or dough, kneading it well; sometimes _ghee_ (clarified butter) is added. They may also be made with milk instead of water. They are flattened into thin cakes with the hand, smeared with a small quantity of _ghee_, and baked on an iron pan, or sheet of iron, over the fire.