Guzman's Second Administration--A Masterful Politician--Decline of Cuban Welfare--An Interregnum in the Governorship--The Coming of De Soto--His Imposing Arrival at Santiago--Progress Across the Island--Vasco Porcallo de Figueroa Made De Soto's Lieutenant--Cuba a Stepping Stone to Florida--De Soto's Removal from Santiago to Havana--Organization of the Florida Expedition--Report of the First Scouts--Departure of De Soto--Lady De Soto's Faithful Watch--Tragic Fate of the Explorer--Evil Effects upon Cuba--Serious Trouble with the Indians--Intrigues of Guzman and Bishop Sarmiento. CHAPTER XIII 151 Governorship of Juan de Avila--Royal Order against Slavery in the Mines--An Appeal to the Council for the Indies--Popular Revolt Against the Council--De Avila's Marriage to a Rich Widow--Removal to Havana--Appointment of Antonio Chaves--Scandalous Charges Against de Avila--The Matter Carried to Spain for Settlement--Another Bad Administration--Chaves Reprimanded by the King--His Persistence in Slavery--Hurtado's Indictment of Chaves--Gonzalo de Angulo Made Governor--Trial and Punishment of Chaves--Emancipation Proclamation. CHAPTER XIV 165 A Bad Time in Cuban History--Santiago in 1550--Raid of a French Privateer--The Founding and Rise of Havana--The Founding of Puerto Principe--Baracoa, Trinidad and Other Settlements--Italians and Other Aliens in Cuba--Efforts to Populate the Island--Importation of Negro Slaves--Slaves Treated Humanely--Disappearance of the Native Indians--The Early Industries of Cuba--Discovery of the Copper Mines of El Cobre--Beginning of the Sugar Industry--Fiscal Policy of the Spanish Government. CHAPTER XV 177 A Turning Point in Cuban History--International Interest in the Island--Raids of French Privateers--A Famous Fight in Santiago Harbor--The Capture and Looting of Havana--First Building of La Fuerza--Rise of Havana in Importance--The Governor's Residence in Havana--Deposition of Angulo--Guarding Havana Against French Attack--Inadequacy of the Defenses--Seizure of the City by Jacques Sores--Flight of the Governor and Resolute Defense of Lobera--Attempt to Destroy the French Conquerors--Destruction of the City. CHAPTER XVI 191