The Land Problem in Cuba--Lands Withheld from the Real Workers--Indolence Induced by Lack of Opportunity--Manners and Customs of the Cuban People at the End of the Eighteenth Century--Lawyers and Land Titles--Prices of Land--Live Stock, Sugar and Tobacco--Primitive Sugar Factories--Progress of Agriculture--Obstacles to Economic Progress--Restrictions upon Commerce and Travel. CHAPTER XIV 231 Conditions Accompanying the Rise of Wealth--Strange Mixture of Immorality and Religion--Seclusion of Cuban Women--Amusements and Entertainments--The Bull Ring--The Cock Pit--The Beginning of Literary Activity and Intellectual Life--The Drama in Cuba--Musical Culture--Dancing--Architecture--Home Life--Backward State of Education--Printing and Publishing--Suggestive Articles in the Press--The Beginning of Cuban Literature. CHAPTER XV 256 Rise of Relations Between Cuba and the United States--Early Interest of the United States in Cuba--Action of Congress in 1811--"The Ever Faithful Isle"--First Overtures for Annexation--George Canning and British Policy Toward Cuba--Policy of John Quincy Adams--Utterances of Jefferson and Clay--American Attitude Toward British and French Designs--Mexico and Colombia Restrained from Conquest. CHAPTER XVI 267 Spain in Her Decline--The Napoleonic Wars--The Constitution of 1812--Revolt of Spain's South and Central American Colonies--Cuba the "Ever Faithful Isle"--Reasons for Her Loyalty to Spain--Origin of the Cuban Spirit of Independence--An Age of Intellectual Activity--The Rise of Cuban Literature and Scholarship--Refugees in Cuba. CHAPTER XVII 278 The First Cuban Census--The Second Census and Humboldt's Comments Thereon--Distribution of the Population by Races--Effects of the Slave Trade on Population--The Census of 1817--Subsequent Enumerations--Discrepancies in Statistics--Character of the Negroes of Cuba--The Birth Rate. CHAPTER XVIII 290 Early Records of the Slave Trade--Participation by the Portuguese, French and British--Statistics of Slave Importations--Illegality No Bar--Relations Between Masters and Slaves--Efforts to Ameliorate the Conditions of Slaves--Introduction of Chinese Labor--Free Negroes--Religious Training of Slaves--Punishments of Slaves--Fear of Servile Insurrections. CHAPTER XIX 302