4. Do you understand that the system of training before the Ephebic years was also seriously changed, or was the change largely a re-shaping and extension of the education of youths after sixteen? 5. Were the Sophists a good addition to the Athenian instructing force, or not? Why? 6. How may a State establish a corrective for such a flood of individualism as overwhelmed Greece, and still allow individual educational initiative and progress? 7. Do we as a nation face danger from the flood of individualism we have encouraged in the past? How is our problem like and unlike that of Athens after the Peloponnesian War? 8. What is the place in Greek life and thought of the ideal treatises on education written by Xenophon, Plato, and Aristotle, after the flood of individualism had set in? 9. In what ways was the conquest of Alexander good for world civilization? 10. Of what importance is it, in the history of our western civilization, that Greek thought had so thoroughly permeated the eastern Mediterranean world before Roman armies conquered the region? 11. Picture for yourself the great intellectual advances of the Greeks by contrasting the tribal preparedness-type of education of the early Greek States and the learning possessed by the scholars of the University at Alexandria. 12. Compare the spread of Greek language and knowledge throughout the eastern Mediterranean world, following the conquests of Alexander, with the spread of the English language and ideas as to government throughout the modern world. SELECTED READINGS In the accompanying _Book of Readings_ the following selections are reproduced: 7. Wilkins: Athens in the Time of Pericles. 8. Isocrates: The Instruction of the Sophists. 9. Xenophon: An Example of Socratic Teaching. 10. Draper: The Schools of Alexandria. 11. Butcher: What we Owe to Greece. QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS 1. Characterize the many educational influences of Athens, as pictured by Wilkins (7). 2. Were the evils of the Sophist teachers, which Isocrates points out (8), natural ones? Compare with teachers of vocal training to-day. 3. What would be necessary for the proper training of one for eloquence? Could any Sophist teacher have trained anyone? 4. Would it be possible to-day for any one city to become such a center of the world's intellectual life as did Alexandria (10)? Why? 5. Could the Socratic method (9) be applied to instruction in psychology, ethics, history, and science equally well? Why? To what class of subjects is the Socratic quiz applicable? 6. How do you account for the fact that the wonderful promise of Alexandrian science was not fulfilled? 7. State our debt to the Greeks (11). SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES _The most important references are indicated by an *_