The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman ConquestHodgkin, Thomas
History
The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest
Hodgkin, Thomas
Great Britain -- History -- To 1066
The fourteen years which followed the Peace of Wedmore (878 to 892)
were, as has been said, in the main years of peace, and may be
considered to justify the heading of this chapter; yet that peace
was not all unbroken, nor was Alfred’s Danish godson always a placid
and peaceful Christian. There were still some slight heavings of the
barbarian sea, which must be shortly described before we turn to the
much more interesting subject of Alfred’s peaceful labours. The main
condition of the Peace of Wedmore was that the Danes should evacuate
Wessex. The agreement that the Watling Street should be the boundary
between the two nations cannot be stated to have been one of the
conditions of the peace now concluded. We have, in fact, no accurate
information as to the territorial arrangements of 878. The extremely
interesting document called _Aelfredes and Guthrumes Frith_ (the peace
of Alfred and Guthrum) must belong to some later year than the meeting
at Wedmore, and the course of the history seems to justify us in
assigning it to the year 885 or thereabouts.[136]
After Guthrum and his men had lingered for some time in the
neighbourhood of Cirencester, they marched across England to East
Anglia (879), and made a permanent settlement there, “occupying and
dividing the land”. This probably means that they exchanged the
destructive excitement of the life of the viking for the peaceful
existence of the husbandman. But when, five years later, in 884, a
division of “the army” which had been ravaging Gaul came to Kent and
besieged Rochester, the sight of their fellow-countrymen, harrying on
the other side of the Thames estuary, seems to have been too much
for Danish self-control. Guthrum “broke peace with King Alfred,” and
probably sent some of his men to help in the siege. Alfred, however,
set to work to besiege the besiegers, who had “wrought another fastness
round themselves,” and in the end forced them to abandon their
enterprise, leave their horses as the prize of victory, and depart over
seas. He then proceeded to chastise the East Anglian Danes for their
breach of faith, sending a fleet against them from Kent which won a
signal victory. Notwithstanding a subsequent defeat, his operations
must have been on the whole successful, for he rescued London from the
Danish yoke and concluded, probably in 885, that treaty with Guthrum
which as before said is still extant, bearing the title of Alfred’s and
Guthrum’s _frith_.
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