father, apart from any consideration of relationship, _ibid._—The tie between a mother and child much stronger than that which binds a child to the father, pp. 107, _et seq._—Polygyny, p. 108.—Husband living with the wife’s family, pp. 109, _et seq._—The rules of succession influenced by local connections and by the family name, pp. 110-112.—No general coincidence of what we consider moral and immoral habits with the prevalence of the male and female line among existing savages, p. 112.—Occasional coincidence of the paternal system with uncertainty as to fathers, _ibid._—Avowed recognition of kinship in the female line only does not show an unconsciousness of male kinship, pp. 112, _et seq._—The prevalence of the female line would not presuppose general promiscuity, even if, in some cases, it were dependent on uncertain paternity, p. 113.—The groups of social phenomena adduced as evidence for the hypothesis of promiscuity no evidence, _ibid._ CHAPTER VI A CRITICISM OF THE HYPOTHESIS OF PROMISCUITY (_Concluded_) Promiscuous intercourse between the sexes tends to a pathological condition unfavourable to fecundity, p. 115.—The practice of polyandry does not afford evidence in an opposite direction, pp. 115-117.—The jealousy of man and other mammalian species the strongest argument against ancient promiscuity, p. 117.—Jealousy among existing peoples, pp. 117-121.—Punishments inflicted for adultery, pp. 121, 122, 130.—Man’s requirement of virginity from his bride, pp. 123, _et seq._—A wife considered to belong to her husband, not during his lifetime only, but after his death, pp. 124-130.—Widows killed, pp. 125, _et seq._—Duties towards deceased husbands, pp. 126, _et seq._—Widows forbidden to marry again, pp. 127, _et seq._—Prohibition of speedy remarriage, pp. 128-130.—The practice of lending or prostituting wives no evidence for the absence of jealousy, pp. 130, _et seq._—Contact with a ‘higher culture’ misleading natural instincts, pp. 131, _et seq._—No reason to suppose that the feeling of jealousy ever was restrained by conditions which made it necessary for a man to share his wife with other men, pp. 132, _et seq._—The hypothesis of promiscuity essentially unscientific, p. 133. CHAPTER VII MARRIAGE AND CELIBACY Voluntary abstinence unheard of in a state of nature, p. 134.—Celibacy rare among savage and barbarous races, pp. 134-136.—Savage views on celibacy, pp. 136, _et seq._—Savages marry early in life, pp. 137-139.—Celibacy rare among several civilized races, pp. 139-143.—Celibacy caused by the practice of purchasing wives, and by polygyny, pp. 143-145.—Celibacy in Europe, and its causes, pp. 145-150.—Sexual relations considered impure, pp. 151, _et seq._—Religious celibacy, pp. 152-155.—Hypothesis as to the origin of the notion of sexual uncleanness and of sexual bashfulness, pp. 155, _et seq._ CHAPTER VIII THE COURTSHIP OF MAN