Males active, females comparatively passive, in courtship, pp. 157, _et seq._—Courtship by women among certain peoples, pp. 158, _et seq._—Courtship by proxy, p. 159.—Fighting for females among the lower animals, _ibid._—Among men, pp. 159-163.—Making love, p. 163.—Fights by women for the possession of men, p. 164.—Female coquetry, _ibid._ CHAPTER IX MEANS OF ATTRACTION Savage predilection for ornaments, pp. 165, _et seq._—For self-mutilation, pp. 166, _et seq._—For dressing the hair, p. 167.—For showy colours and paint, p. 168.—For tattooing, pp. 168, _et seq._—Practices supposed to have a religious origin, pp. 169-172.—Mr. Frazer’s theory as regards the origin of tattooing, &c., pp. 170, _et seq._—Other theories, p. 172.—Men and women began to ornament, mutilate, paint, and tattoo themselves, chiefly in order to make themselves attractive to the opposite sex, pp. 172-182.—Savage women less decorated than savage men, pp. 182-185.—Opinions as to the origin of dress, p. 186.—Nakedness and want of modesty among many savage peoples, pp. 186-189.—Ornamental ‘garments’ among savages, pp. 189-192.—Covering a means of attraction, pp. 192-200, 211, _et seq._—Practices serving a similar end, pp. 201-206.—Circumcision, _ibid._—Different ideas of modesty, pp. 206-208—The power of custom and the feeling of shame, pp. 208-211. CHAPTER X THE LIBERTY OF CHOICE Females ‘engaged’ in infancy, pp. 213, _et seq._—The right of giving a girl in marriage, pp. 214, _et seq._—Considerable liberty of selection allowed to women among the lower races, pp. 215-221.—It was even greater in primitive times, pp. 221, _et seq._—Bride-stealing and elopement, p. 223.—The position of sons among uncivilized peoples, pp. 223-225.—Paternal authority based on ancestor worship, in the ancient and Eastern World, pp. 225-235.—The _patria potestas_ of the Aryan races, pp. 229-235.—The decline of the _patria potestas_, pp. 235-239. CHAPTER XI SEXUAL SELECTION AMONG ANIMALS