From the eastern part of the _Gedé_, the volcanic series separates into two independent branches, one of which inclines to the south; the other proceeds almost due east, slightly verging to the north. The former breaks into an irregular transverse range, which extends across the island, till it approaches the northern branch, from whence the general series is continued in an easterly direction as far as the mountain _Sindóro_, the western of the two mountains known by mariners as the Two Brothers. The mountain _Súmbing_, or _Sindári_ (the second of The Brothers), is somewhat further to the south. At a short distance from the eastern foot of the mountain _Súmbing_ are three large volcanos, in a direction almost north and south, dividing the large series transversely; these are the mountains _Ung'árang_, _Merbábu_, and _Merápi_. The next volcano, in an eastern direction, is that of _Japára_, which deviates more than any other from the regular series, and forms a peculiar peninsular appendage to the island. The series is then continued in an easterly course from the _Merápi_ as far as the mountain _Telágawúrung_, which is in contact with the ocean at the eastern end of the island. The several large mountains comprised in this series, and which are in number thirty-eight, though different from each other in external figure, agree in the general attribute of volcanos, having a broad base gradually verging towards the summit in the form of a cone. They all rise from a plain but little elevated above the level of the sea, and each must, with very few exceptions, be considered as a separate mountain, raised by a cause independent of that which produced the others. Most of them have been formed at a very remote period, and are covered by the vegetation of many ages; but the indications and remains of their former irruptions are numerous and unequivocal. The craters of several are completely extinct; those of others contain small apertures, which continually discharge sulphureous vapours or smoke. Many of them have had irruptions during late years.[23] Besides the mountains of the larger series above described, there are extensive ranges of mountains of an inferior elevation, sometimes connected with the larger series, and sometimes independent of them, which are also for the most part volcanic. Numerous ridges of hills traverse the country in various directions, and the surface of the island in general, independently of these more striking features, is in most parts undulating and uneven, except on the sea coast.