[17] 2 Roger of Wendover, 23, a. 1084. “Having extorted large sums of money from all ranks where he could find any cause just or unjust, he crossed the sea into Normandy.” [18] _Chron. Sax._ a. 1083. [19] 1 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 303. [20] Aside from the reimposed Danegeld, William derived an annual income of £20,000 from the royal lands, and an amount difficult of estimation from the feudal dues and incidents. [21] 2 Flor. Wig. 35, a. 1094. [22] § 11. Militibus qui per loricas terras suas defendunt, terras dominicarum carrucarum suarum quietas ab omnibus gildis, et omni opere, proprio dono meo concedo, ut sicut tam magno allevamine alleviati sint, ita se equis et armis bene instruant ad servitium meum et ad defensionem regni mei. Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 101. The translation of the Charter is in Adams and Stephens, _Select Documents of English Constitutional History_, 4-6. [23] Ego enim, quando voluero, faciam ea satis summonere propter mea dominica necessaria ad voluntatem meam. Stubbs, _Select Charters_, 104. [24] Cf. 1 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 429. [25] 2 _Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon_, 113, quoted by 1 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 429, note 3, as follows: “H. rex Anglorum R. episcopo, et Herberto camerario et Hugoni de Boehelanda, salutem. Sciatis quod clamo quietas V hidas abbatis Faricii de Abendona de eleemosyna de Wrtha, de omnibus rebus, et nominatim de isto auxilio quod barones mihi dederunt.” [26] _The Saxon Chronicle_ upon Henry’s taxes: A. 1103. This was a year of much distress from the manifold taxes. A. 1104. It is not easy to describe the misery of this land, which it suffered at this time through the various and manifold oppressions and taxes that never ceased or slackened. A. 1105. This was a year of great distress from the failure of the fruits, and from the manifold taxes which never ceased. A. 1110. This was a year of much distress from the taxes which the king raised for his daughter’s dowry. A. 1118. England paid dearly for all this (i. e., the Norman war) by the manifold taxes which ceased not all this year. A. 1124. Full heavy a year was this; he who had any property was bereaved of it by heavy taxes and assessments, and he who had none, starved with hunger. From the edition of J. A. Giles. [27] _Chron. Sax._ a. 1137. [28] Henry of Huntingdon’s _Chronicle_, a. 1135. Trans. by Thomas Forester, 264. [29] Henry II was the first king since Edward the Confessor in whose veins ran the blood of the Saxon monarchs, being the grandson of Matilda, wife of Henry I. Matilda was great-granddaughter of Edmund Ironside, the son of Ethelred the Unready. [30] 1 Stubbs, _Const. Hist. Eng._ 500. [31] Grim, _V. S. Thomæ_, 21, 22, in Stubbs, _Sel. Chart._ 129.