profane and sacred, because on some it was likely to be expedient that
no business should be transacted with the people.
[Footnote 24: Romulus had made his year to consist of ten months, the
first month being March, and the number of days in the year being only
304, which corresponded neither with the course of the sun or moon.
Numa, who added the two months of January and February, divided the year
into twelve months, according to the course of the moon. This was the
lunar Greek year, and consisted of 354 days. Numa, however, adopted 355
days for his year, from his partiality to odd numbers. The lunar year of
354 days fell short of the solar year by 11-1/4 days;--this in 8 years
amounted to (11-1/4 × 8) 90 days. These 90 days he divided into 2 months
of 22 and 2 of 23 days, ([2 × 22] + [2 × 23] = 90,) and introduced them
alternately every second year for two octennial periods: every third
octennial period, however, Numa intercalated only 66 days instead of 90
days, _i. e._ he inserted 3 months of only 22 days each. The reason was,
because he adopted 355 days as the length of his lunar year instead of
354, and this in 24 years (3 octennial periods) produced an error of 24
days; this error was exactly compensated by intercalating only 66 days
(90-24) in the third octennial period. The intercalations were generally
made in the month of February, after the 23rd of the month. Their
management was left to the pontiffs--_ad metam eandem solis unde orsi
essent_--_dies congruerent_; "that the days might correspond to the same
starting-point of the sun in the heavens whence they had set out." That
is, taking for instance the tropic of Cancer for the place or
starting-point of the sun any one year, and observing that he was in
that point of the heavens on precisely the 21st of June, the object was
so to dispense the year, that the day on which the sun was observed to
arrive at that same _meta_ or starting-point again, should also be
called the 21st of June:--such was the _congruity_ aimed at by these
intercalations.]
[Footnote 25:
_Ille nefastus erit per quem tria verba silentur;
Fastus erit, per quem lege licebit agi._--Ov. F. i. 47.
]
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