Transcriber’s Notes: Texts printed in italics and bold in the original work have been transcribed between _underscores_ and =equal signs= respectively. Small capitals are presented here as ALL CAPITALS. Subscripts and superscripts have been transcribed as _{...} and ^{...}. More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text. [Illustration: Drawn by Experience Engraved by Sorrow A MAN LOADED with MISCHIEF, or MATRIMONY. _A Monkey, a Magpie, and Wife; Is the true Emblem of Strife._] THE HISTORY OF SIGNBOARDS From the Earliest Times to the Present Day BY JACOB LARWOOD AND JOHN CAMDEN HOTTEN “He would name you all the signs as he went along” BEN JONSON’S BARTHOLOMEW FAIR “Oppida dum peragras peragranda poemata spectes” DRUNKEN BARNABY’S TRAVELS [Illustration: Cock and Bottle] TWELFTH IMPRESSION WITH ONE HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS BY J. LARWOOD LONDON CHATTO & WINDUS 1908 _To Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A., the Accomplished Interpreter of English Popular Antiquities, this_ Little Volume is Dedicated _by THE AUTHORS_. PREFACE. The field of history is a wide one, and when the beaten tracks have been well traversed, there will yet remain some of the lesser paths to explore. The following attempt at a “History of Signboards” may be deemed the result of an exploration in one of these by-ways. Although from the days of Addison’s _Spectator_ down to the present time many short articles have been written upon house-signs, nothing like a general inquiry into the subject has, as yet, been published in this country. The extraordinary number of examples and the numerous absurd combinations afforded such a mass of entangled material as doubtless deterred writers from proceeding beyond an occasional article in a magazine, or a chapter in a book,--when only the more famous signs would be cited as instances of popular humour or local renown. How best to classify and treat the thousands of single and double signs was the chief difficulty in compiling the present work. That it will in every respect satisfy the reader is more than is expected--indeed much more than could be hoped for under the best of circumstances.