XV. 1100-1200. The Crusades.—Jews in France, Spain, Germany, and Hungary 139 XVI. 1100-1200. The Jews in England.—Jewish Impostors 148 XVII. — Great Jewish Doctors.—Aben Ezra, Maimonides, Benjamin of Tudela 156 XVIII. 1200-1300. The Jews in France and Germany 163 XIX. 1200-1300. The Jews in Spain 171 XX. 1200-1300. The Jews in England 179 PART II. FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT TIME. XXI. 1300-1400. The Jews in France 189 XXII. 1300-1400. The Jews in Italy 196 XXIII. 1300-1400. The Jews in Germany, the Low Countries, etc. 203 XXIV. 1300-1400. The Jews in Spain 211 XXV. 1400-1500. The Jews in Germany and Italy 219 XXVI. 1400-1500. The Jews in Spain 227 XXVII. 1400-1500. The Jews in Spain (_continued_) 235 XXVIII. 1400-1500. The Jews in Portugal 243 XXIX. 1500-1600. The Jews in Italy 251 XXX. 1500-1600. The Jews in Portugal, Spain, and Holland 259 XXXI. 1500-1600. The Jews in Germany and Central Europe 267 XXXII. 1500-1600. The Jews in Asia and Africa 275 XXXIII. 1600-1700. The Jews in Germany and Central Europe 283 XXXIV. 1600-1700. The Jews in Holland.—Da Costa, Spinoza 291 XXXV. 1600-1700. The Jews in Spain, England, and Italy 300 XXXVI. 1600-1700. The Jews in the East.—Sabbathai Sevi 308 XXXVII. 1700-1800. The Jews in Spain, Italy, and France 316 XXXVIII. 1700-1800. The Jew’s in Germany and Central Europe 323 XXXIX. 1700-1800. The Jews in Poland: The Chasidim.—Frank. —Mendelssohn 331 XL. 1700-1800. The Jews in England 339 XLI. 1800-1885. The Jews in England (_continued_) 348 XLII. 1800-1885. The Jews in France, Italy, and Germany 356 XLIII. 1800-1885. The Jews in other European Countries 364 XLIV. 1800-1885. The Jews in Africa, America, and Asia. —Conclusion 372 APPENDICES. APPENDIX I. Statistics of Jewish Population 379 II. The Talmuds 385 III. The Targums, Massora, Cabbala, Sepher-Yetzira, and Zohar 392 IV. The Attempt, under Julian, to Rebuild the Temple 398