The history of witchcraft and demonologySummers, Montague
History
The history of witchcraft and demonology
Summers, Montague
Demonology; Demonology -- History; Witchcraft; Witchcraft -- History
According to S. Matthew x. 1, Our Lord gave special powers to the
Apostles to exorcize demons: “And having called his twelve disciples
together, he gave them power over unclean spirits to cast them out, and
to heal all manner of diseases, and all manner of infirmities.” And S.
Peter, when describing the mission and miracles of Christ, stresses this
very point: “Jesus of Nazareth: how God anointed him with the Holy Ghost,
and with power, who went about doing good, and healing all that were
possessed by the devil,” τοὺς καταδυναστευομένους ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου (Acts
x. 38). Our Lord Himself directly appeals to His power over evil spirits
as a proof of His Messiahship: “If I by the finger of God cast out
devils; doubtless the kingdom of God is come upon you”; εἰ δὲ ἐν δακτύλῳ
Θεοῦ ἐκβάλλω τά δαιμόνια, ἄρα ἔφθασεν ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ (S.
Luke xi. 20).
Whilst yet on earth Christ empowered the Apostles to cast out demons
in His Name, and in His last solemn charge He promised that the same
delegated power should be perpetuated: “These signs shall follow them
that believe: in my name they shall cast out devils”; σημεῖα δὲ τοῖς
πιστεύσασι ταῦτα παρακολουθήσει· ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου δαιμόνια ἐκβαλοῦσι
(S. Mark xvi. 17.) But the efficacy of exorcism was conditional, not
absolute as in the case of Our Lord Himself, for He explained, upon an
occasion when the Apostles seemed to fail, that certain spirits could
only be expelled by prayer and fasting. Moreover, a perfect belief and
complete command are necessary for the exorcizer. τότε προσέλθοντες οἱ
μαθηταὶ τῷ Ἱησοῦ κατ ἰδίαν εἶπον, Διατί ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν
αὐτό; ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς, Διὰ τὲν ὀλιγοπιστίαν ὑμῶν· ... τοῦτο δὲ
τὸ γένος οὐκ ἑκπορεύεται εἰ μὴ ἐν προσευχῇ καὶ νηστείᾳ ... (S. Matthew
xvii. 19-21). S. Paul, and no doubt the other Apostles and Disciples,
regularly made use of this exorcizing power. Thus, at Philippi, where
the girl “having a pythonical spirit ... who brought to her masters
much gain by divining” (παιδίσκην τινὰ ἔχουσαν πεῦνμα πύθωνα ... ἥτις
ἐργασίαν πολλὴν παρεῖχε τοῖς κυρίοις αὐτῆς μαντευπμένη)[34] met S. Paul
and S. Luke and proclaimed them as servants of the most high God, S. Paul
“being grieved, turned, and said to the spirit: I command thee, in the
name of Jesus Christ, to go out from her. And he went out the same hour”
(Acts xvi. 16-18). And at Ephesus, a hot-bed of magic and necromancy,
“God wrought by the hand of Paul more than common miracles. So that even
there were brought from his body to the sick, handkerchiefs and aprons,
and the diseases departed from them, and the wicked spirits went out of
them” (Acts xix. 11, 12). Those who do not imagine that the powers Our
Lord perpetually bestowed upon the Apostles and their followers abruptly
ceased with the thirty-first verse of the twenty-eighth chapter of The
Acts of the Apostles, realize that the charisma of exorcism has continued
through the ages, and in truth the Church has uninterruptedly practised
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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