The History of Yiddish Literature in the Nineteenth CenturyWiener, Leo
History
The History of Yiddish Literature in the Nineteenth Century
Wiener, Leo
Yiddish literature -- History and criticism
Of the five books printed, one is a novel, the other four are dramas.
The first, under the name of 'The Fillet of Pearls,' shows up the
hypocrisy and rascality of the Khassidic miracle-workers, as only one
who has himself been initiated in their doings could relate them. The
hero of the novel is Mechel Mazeewe. He is discovered eating on a minor
fast day, and the Rabbi uses this as an excuse for extorting all the
money the poor fellow had earned by teaching little children and young
women. His engagement to one of his pupils, the daughter of the beadle,
is broken off for the same reason. Disgusted with his town, he goes away
from it in order to earn a living elsewhere. Good fortune takes him to
Breslau, where he, for the first time, discovers that there are also
clean, honest, peaceful Jews. He is regenerated, and returns to his
native town, where in the meantime the miracle-working Rabbi has
succeeded in rooting out the last vestige of heresy. At the house of the
Rabbi, Mechel has an occasion to prove the falseness of his pretensions
to the assembled people. Mechel is reunited with his bride.
This bare skeleton of the plot is developed with great care, and is
adorned with a variety of incidents, each forming a story within the
story. The biting satire, the sharp humor, the rapid development of
situations, are only excelled by his dramatic sense, which makes him
pass rapidly from descriptions, without elaborating them to the form of
dialogue. His mastery of the dialect is remarkable; for although one can
here and there detect his intimate acquaintance with German literature,
there is not a single case where he has been led under obligations to
the German language in thought or a word: German is as foreign to him as
French or Latin. Of his dramas it will be sufficient to discuss one to
show their general structure. The most dramatic of these is the one
entitled 'The First Recruit' and tells of the terrible time in 1827 when
the Ukase drafting Jewish young men into the army had for the first time
been promulgated. To the ignorant masses it seemed as though the world
would come to an end. To avoid the great misfortune of having their
sons taken away from them, they married them off before they had
reached their teens; finding that that did not prevent the 'catchers'
from seizing them, maimed, halt, sickly men were preferred as husbands
to their daughters; in short, all was done to avert the unspeakable
calamity of serving the Czar. As in the novel, there are plots within
the plot, and didactic passages are woven into the play without in the
least disturbing its unity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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