The History, Theory, and Practice of Illuminating: Condensed from 'The Art of Illuminating' by the same illustrator and authorWyatt, M. Digby (Matthew Digby), Sir
History
The History, Theory, and Practice of Illuminating: Condensed from 'The Art of Illuminating' by the same illustrator and author
Wyatt, M. Digby (Matthew Digby), Sir
Alphabet; Illumination of books and manuscripts; Initials
Mr. Westwood, to whose highly interesting "Archæological Notes of a Tour in
Denmark, Prussia, and Holland," published in the "Archæological Journal," I
am indebted for the above information, tells us that the date of the few
pages of the Gospel, mentioned as being bound up in this volume, is as
uncertain as that of the Psalter; the text being written in a style which
would place it amongst the works of the 6th or 7th century, whilst the word
"Liber," with which it commences, is written in large square Roman
capitals, in gold, with the remains of ornament similar to that in
Vespasian, A 1.
That which gives, however, its greatest value to the Utrecht Psalter, is
the remarkable freedom and cleverness of the pen-and-ink drawings with
which it is embellished. In them may be recognized, I believe, the earliest
trace of those peculiar fluttered draperies, elongated proportions, and
flourished touches, which became almost a distinct style in later
Anglo-Saxon illumination. So different is it, both from the Anglo-Hibernian
work, prevalent in England up to the advent of St. Augustine, and from the
contemporary imitation of the antique, practised by Byzantine, Latin,
Lombard, or Frankish illuminators, that the conclusion seems, as it were,
forced upon us, that it can have been originated in no other way than by
setting the already most skilful penman, but altogether ignorant artist, to
reproduce, as he best could, the freely-painted miniatures of the books,
sacred and profane, imported, as we know, in abundance, from Rome, during
the 7th and 8th centuries.
To so great an extent do antique types and features prevail in the earlier
specimens of this class of Anglo-Saxon volumes, that, until comparatively
recently, the catalogue of the Utrecht Library has designated the
illustrations of the Psalter now under notice, as evidently productions of
the reign of Valentinian;[37] while the outline subjects, in a similar
style, and of considerably later date, which are introduced in the British
Museum "Aratus," were attributed, by even Mr. Ottley's critical judgment,
to a somewhat similar period.
The Harleian Psalter (No. 603), to which allusion has been already made,
although written in later characters, is decorated with many pictures, all
but identical with those in the Utrecht manuscript, thereby demonstrating,
with comparative certainty, that both were taken from some popular
prototype, possibly one of the Augustinian Psalters already alluded to.[38]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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