The side wings were used for the actors to wait in, and it is very
probable that the chorus also before making their appearance, and during
the time when they were not present in the orchestra, retired thither,
and that there were passages leading thence to the side entrances. There
were also doors communicating with the stage, and these, like those in
the orchestra, had their special significance; through the right-hand
door came those actors who were supposed to come from the town, and
through the left those who came from a distance, such as messengers,
guests, friends returning home, etc.
The decorations were only on the stage, the orchestra was left quite
bare, and probably had not even any movable properties. It is pure
fantasy to suppose that in some plays a connection was established
between the stage and orchestra by making the whole represent a mountain
with rocky caves, etc. The Greeks assumed a certain amount of illusion,
but confined this to the stage; they did not trouble about the space in
front, any more than we care to-day about the appearance of the
orchestra in front of the opera. It was the scene represented on the
stage that gave its significance to the orchestra; if a palace was
represented, and the stage represented the place in front of it, then
the orchestra became an open space, on which the people assembled; if
the background was a temple, the orchestra was the sacred space
immediately in front of it (τέμενος), and so on. Possibly the wall under
the front of the stage was connected with the decoration, so that if the
stage, for instance, represented a wild forest with a cave, the front of
the scene was similarly decorated.
Scene-painting, in which Greek art first made an attempt at perspective
drawing, had no such difficult and complicated tasks to accomplish in
those times as in ours. The chief pieces of scenery were the background
and the revolving pieces (περίακτα). The background of the proscenium
had to cover the wall of the stage, and also indicate the place of the
action, whether a square in front of a palace, or a street with private
houses, or a forest, etc. We must not think of the great variety of
scenery known to our modern stage; no doubt, too, they were content with
very simple execution, merely hinting at the scene required. The
background was probably suspended in a wooden scaffolding or frame, and
placed immediately before the inner scene front on the floor of the
stage. We do not know, however, how the decoration of the background was
changed, for change of scene was sometimes necessary even in the ancient
drama; perhaps they were in the habit in such cases of placing one of
the scenes in front of another, so that, as at the present day, the
front decoration had only to be moved, either by dropping it or by
dividing it in two parts drawn to the side (for in the absence of rods
they could not draw them up), and thus the second scene became visible
behind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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