The honey bee: a manual of instruction in apicultureBenton, Frank
Science
The honey bee: a manual of instruction in apiculture
Benton, Frank
Bee culture; Bees
Pollen and honey form the food of honey bees and their developing
brood. Both of these are plant products which are only modified
somewhat by the manipulation to which they are subjected by the bees
and are then stored in waxen cells if not wanted for immediate use.
Pollen, the fertilizing dust of flowers, is carried home by the bees in
small pellets held in basket-like depressions on each of the hind legs.
The hairs covering the whole surface of the bee's body are more or less
serviceable in enabling the bee to collect pollen, but those on the
under side of the abdomen are most likely to get well dusted, and the
rows of hairs, nine in number, known as pollen brushes, located on the
inner surface of the first tarsal joint (fig. 7, _b_), are then brought
into use to brush out this pollen. When these brushes are filled with
pollen the hind legs are crossed during flight and the pollen combed
out by the spine-like hairs that fringe the posterior margin of the
tibial joint--that above a in fig. 7. The outer surface of this joint
is depressed, and this, with the rows of curved hairs on the anterior
margin and the straighter ones just referred to forms a basket like
cavity known as the corbiculum or pollen basket, represented by
the longest joints of the legs, A, B, and C, fig. 7. Into this the
pollen falls, and with the middle pair of legs is tamped down for
transportation to the hive. Having arrived there, the bee thrusts its
hind legs into a cell located as near to the brood nest as may be, and
loosening the pellets lets them fall into the bottom of the cell. The
tibial spur (fig. 7, _e_) on each middle leg is, as Professor Cheshire
has pointed out, probably of use in prying the pellets out. The latter
are simply dropped into cells and left for some other bee to pack down
by kneading or pressing with its mandibles. Various colors--yellow,
brown, red, slate, etc., according to the kinds of flowers from which
gathered--frequently show in layers in the same cell. Often when partly
filled with pollen the cell is then filled up with honey and sealed
more or less hermetically with wax. The bees store the pollen, for
convenience in feeding, above and at the sides of the brood and as
near to it as possible, the comb on each side of the brood nest being
generally well stored with it.
[Illustration: Fig. 8.--Head and tongue of Apis mellifera worker
(magnified twelve times), _a_, Antenna, or feeler; _m_, mandibula, or
outer jaw; _g_, gum flap, or epipharynx; _mxp_, maxillary palpus; _pg_,
paraglossa; _mx_, maxilla, or inner jaw; _lp_, labial palpus, _l_,
ligula, or tongue; _b_, bouton, or spoon of the same. (Reduced from
Cheshire.)]
NECTAR AND HONEY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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