The Simmins non-swarming system, single-story hive with supers 103 69. The Simmins non-swarming system, double-story hive with supers 103 70. Beehives with Langdon non-swarmer attached 104 71. Percolator for preparation of winter food 107 72. The American straw hive of Hayek Bros 108 73. Davis hive with newspapers packed between inner and outer cases and brood frames on end for winter 108 74. Double-walled hive adapted to outdoor wintering as well as summer use below 40 C north latitude in United States 109 75. An apiary in Vermont winter view 110 76. Cheshire anti-robbing entrance 117 MANUAL OF APICULTURE. CHAPTER I. =CLASSIFICATION OF THE HONEY BEE= THE DIFFERENT SPECIES AND RACES. A knowledge of the structural peculiarities and the life history of bees will aid anyone who essays to manage them for profit in determining more accurately what conditions are necessary to their greatest welfare. It is not to be understood that such knowledge will take the place of an acquaintance with those conditions under which actual practice has shown that bees thrive, but that it forms a good basis for an understanding of whatever practice has found best in the management of these industrious and profitable insects. It will also assist in pointing out in what way practice can be improved. In a small treatise like the present one, the object of which is to give in plain language the information needed by one who engages in bee keeping primarily for profit, it is not possible to do more than present a mere outline of classification and a few general facts regarding structure. The reader who finds them interesting and valuable in his work is reminded that the treatment of these matters in more extended volumes, such as Langstroth's, Cheshire's, etc., will be found far more so.