Why or how the pueblo builders came into this inhospitable region no
one may decide. The great plateau extending from Fremont's Peak to the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with its varied scenery, its plants and
animals, and its human occupants is replete with interesting problems
of the Old New World. Perhaps as the people crowded from the North
along the Rockies toward the fertile lands of Mexico, some weaker
tribes were thrust into the embrace of the desert and remained to work
out their destiny. It would appear that no tribe could adopt the land
as a home through free choice, because the sparseness of the arid
country must make living a desperate struggle to those who had not the
precious seeds of corn.
Corn is the mother of the Pueblos, ancient and modern. Around it the
Indian's whole existence centers, and the prevalent prayers for rain
have corn as the motive, for corn is life. Given corn and rain or
flowing water, even in small amount, and the Indian has no fear of
hard times, but prospers and multiplies in the sanitorium where his
lot is cast.
If we travel backward into the Ancient Southwest we must leave behind
many things that came to the people since the Spaniards sallied from
Mexico to the new land of wonders. Sheep, goats, chickens, burros,
horses, cattle there are none, and the children of the sun have no
domestic animal except the turkey. The coyote-like dog haunted the
pueblos, but his ancient enemy, the cat, was not there to dispute with
him. No peaches or apricots were on the bill of fare, and the desert
must be scoured for small berries and the fruit of the yucca and
prickly-pear. Corn, beans, melons, and squashes there were, but wheat,
oats, and alfalfa came from other hands. What would be the deprivation
if sugar, coffee, flour, and baking powder were cut off from the
present Indians. The ancients had none, nor were the useful vessels of
tin and iron for cooking dreamed of. The agave of the South furnished
a sweet in the roasted leaves, which took the place of sugar and went
far and wide by early commerce. Tobacco always grew wild around the
pueblos, but the ancients never knew the fascination of the modern
leaf.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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