To select, as the spot wherein to drive her sting, the one vulnerable
point, the point which none save a physiologist versed in insect
anatomy could determine beforehand: even that is far from being enough.
The Wasp has a much greater difficulty to surmount; and she surmounts
it with an ease that stupefies us. The nerve-centres governing the
locomotory organs of the insect are, we were saying, three in number.
They are more or less distant from one another; sometimes, but rarely,
they are close together. Altogether they possess a certain independence
of action, so that an injury done to any one of them induces, at any
rate for the moment, the paralysis only of the limbs that correspond
with it, without affecting the other ganglia and the limbs which they
control. To strike in succession these three motor centres, each
farther back than the one before it, and to do so between the first and
second pair of legs, seems an impracticable operation for such a weapon
as the Wasp’s sting, which is too short and is besides very difficult
to guide under such conditions. It is true that certain Beetles have
the three ganglia of the thorax very near together, almost touching,
while others have the last two completely united, soldered, welded
together. It is also a recognized fact that, in proportion as the
different nervous nuclei tend towards a closer combination and greater
centralization, the characteristic functions of animal nature become
more perfect and consequently, alas, more vulnerable. Here we have the
prey which the Cerceris really needs. Those Beetles with motor centres
brought close together or even gathered into a common mass, making them
mutually dependent on one another, will be at the same instant
paralysed with a single stroke of the dagger; or, if several strokes be
needed, the ganglia to be stung will at any rate all be there,
collected under the point of the dart.
Which Beetles are they, then, that constitute a prey so eminently
convenient for paralysing? That is the question. The lofty science of a
Claude Bernard, concerning itself only with the fundamental
generalities of organism and life, would not suffice here; it could
never tell us how to make this entomological selection. I appeal to any
physiologist under whose eyes these lines may come. Without referring
to his library, could he name the Beetles in whom that centralization
of the nervous system occurs; and, even with the aid of his books,
would he at once know where to find the desired information? The fact
is that, with these minute details, we are now entering the domain of
the specialist; we are leaving the public road for the path known to
the few.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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