Neither Redfield nor Reid was actually the first to declare that the
hurricane is a great whirlwind. Many others had suggested this before
them, and in 1828 a German named H. W. Dove had confirmed it, but none
of these had hunted up the data and talked and corresponded with
hundreds of seamen to collect facts to prove their contentions. And none
had presented the facts in a way that would serve as a law of storms for
seamen.
Following the lead of General Reid, an Englishman named Henry
Piddington, on duty at Calcutta in India, became a great hurricane
hunter in the middle of the nineteenth century. He collected information
from every source, talked to seamen of all ranks from admiral down, and
added a great deal to the law of storms. Because of the movement of
violent winds around and in toward the hurricane center, he gave it the
name _cyclone_, which means “coil of a snake.” This is the reason why
tropical storms are now called cyclones in the Bay of Bengal.
Piddington, who became President of the Marine Courts of Inquiry at
Calcutta, published numerous memoirs on the law of storms. Of all the
accounts that he collected of experiences of seamen in tropical storms,
the outstanding case, in his estimation, was that of the Brig _Charles
Heddles_, in a hurricane near Mauritius, a small island in the Indian
Ocean, east of Africa. Mauritius is south of the equator, where
hurricane winds blow around the center in a clockwise direction, the
opposite of the whirling motion of storms in the northern hemisphere.
The _Charles Heddles_ was originally in the slave trade but at the time
that she was caught in the hurricane was mostly being employed in the
cattle trade between Mauritius and Madagascar. Only the fastest vessels
were engaged in the cattle trade, and the _Charles Heddles_ was an
exceptionally good ship. Her master was a man named Finck, an able and
highly respected seaman.
On Friday, February 21, 1845, the _Charles Heddles_ left Mauritius and
in the early morning of the twenty-second ran into heavy weather, with
wind and sea gradually increasing. It became squally and the vessel was
laboring greatly by midnight. On the twenty-third it was worse, with a
frightful sea and the wind very high, accompanied by incessant rain. The
seas swept over the decks and the crew was frequently at the pumps.
By this time Captain Finck had determined to keep the brig scudding
before the wind and run his chance of what might happen. The steady
change of the wind around the compass as the day wore on made it
impossible for him to estimate his position, but he was sure he had
plenty of sea room. The crew was unable to clue up the topsail without
risk of severe damage, so round and round they went.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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