By 1930 another trouble had developed serious proportions as a
consequence of this efficiency in the issuance of warnings. Vessel
masters soon learned that it was dangerous to be caught in the predicted
path of a hurricane, and when a warning was received by radio, they
steamed out of the line of peril as quickly as possible. Thus, as the
storm advanced, fewer and fewer ships were in a position to make useful
reports and in a day or two the hurricane was said to be “lost,” that
is, there were too few reports to spot the center accurately, or in some
cases there were no reports at all. The storm hunters could only place
it vaguely somewhere in a large ocean area. When it is impossible to
track the center of a hurricane accurately, it is impossible also to
issue accurate warnings.
In 1926, a hurricane crossed the Atlantic from the Cape Verde Islands to
the Bahamas and threatened southern Florida. After it left the latter
islands, weather reports from ships became scarce and the center was too
close to the coast for safety when hurricane warnings were issued,
although everybody in southern Florida knew that there was a severe
storm outside. More than one hundred lives were lost in Miami and
property damage reached one hundred million dollars. In 1928, another
big hurricane started in the vicinity of the Cape Verdes, swept across
the Atlantic, and devastated Puerto Rico and parts of southern Florida.
Loss of life was placed at three hundred in Puerto Rico and at two
thousand in Florida, mostly in the vicinity of Lake Okeechobee.
In these years and up to 1932, several hurricanes were “lost” in the
Gulf of Mexico and citizens of the coastal areas began making demands
for a storm patrol. They wanted the U. S. Coast Guard to send cutters
out to search for disturbances or explore their interiors and send
information by radio to the Weather Bureau. There was opposition from
the forecasters—they didn’t know what they would do with the cutters. If
they had enough ship reports to know where to send the cutters, they
would not need the latters’ reports, and if they had no reports, they
would not know where to send the vessels. Besides, it was the
government’s business to keep ships out of storms—not to send them
deliberately into danger.
The season of 1933 established an all-time record of twenty-one tropical
storms in the West Indian region. Many of them reached the Gulf States
or the South Atlantic Coast and the controversy about sending ships into
hurricanes was resumed, resulting in legislation containing the
authority, but President Roosevelt vetoed it. By 1937 the criticism of
the warnings and the arguments about Coast Guard cutters began again.
This time it involved Senators and Congressmen from Gulf States and
finally the White House was embroiled.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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