The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
The name of custodia is given in Spain, not only to the monstrance or
ostensoir where the Blessed Sacrament is exposed, but also to a sort of
temple or tabernacle, of large size, made also of silver, inside which
is placed the monstrance, which is carried in procession on Corpus
Christi day. In order to distinguish these objects one from another, the
name of _viril_ is given to the object which holds the consecrated host;
it is generally made of rock crystal, with a gold stem and mount
ornamented with precious stones. The small tabernacles are generally
objects of the greatest importance both from their artistic and
intrinsic value. The description of one of them will be sufficient to
give an idea of their construction.
Although a fine custodia existed formerly at Toledo, which we know
weighed 164 pounds, Cardinal Ximenez de Cisneros wished a finer one to
be made, and caused the plan to be furnished by competition. Diego
Copin, Juan de Borgoña, and Enrique de Arphe presented designs; the one
by Enrique de Arphe was selected. Arphe began his work in 1517, and
continued exclusively employed in this, and without the help of other
master silversmiths, until April, 1524, when he gave up the monstrance
to the authorities of the cathedral. The silversmith, Lainez, finished
in 1523 the gold and jewelled cross which is on the top. It represents a
Gothic hexagonal temple, 8 feet high, of three orders, with all the
variety and number of necessary architectural details such as
pilasters, arches, columns, pyramids, canopies, crest-work, &c., to the
closing of the vaulted roof; the whole is _percé à jour_, and so
delicate that it looks like lace. From the roof hang bells and
incense-holders of filigree work; in the key-stone are studded precious
gems. Carvings in relief, representing passages of the life of Our
Saviour, appear on the base of the six pedestals; they are admirably
carved. In the centre of the second order is a figure representing the
Resurrection of Our Lord. On the pilasters and brackets which appear in
the temple there are more than 260 statues of different sizes, all of
which are executed with the same skill. This monstrance was mounted on
iron wires; and Archbishop Fonseca, wishing that the whole of it should
be made of silver, gave orders that Arphe himself should alter it, which
he did in 1525, when the total weight was found to be 388 pounds. The
_viril_ was then placed inside it, this was made of the first gold
brought from America. It is completely covered with precious stones, and
was bought by Cisneros from Queen Isabel (the Catholic); it weighs 29
pounds of gold. The tabernacle was ordered to be gilt in 1595 by
Archbishop Quiroga; this was done by the Masters Diego de Valdivieso and
Francisco Merino. This splendid work of art remains in this state, and
may be seen at the cathedral of Toledo; it was most fortunately saved
from the rapacity of the French, by being sent to Cadiz during the war.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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