Before working papers are issued, moreover, a position must be obtained, a signed card from the prospective employer being the basis on which permission to work is given. Each time a position is changed these papers are re-issued, and no employer is permitted by law to engage a boy or girl under eighteen on papers issued to any other employer. A physical examination is made each time the working papers are re-issued in order that it may be noted what effect if any an occupation is having on a child’s health. A careful record is kept of the child’s family history, as well as of the occupation in which he is engaged; and his working history if more than one position is held. This latter gives the reason for changing, and helps in the study of a child’s capabilities. At the time of graduation parents of each child are sent a circular by the Board of Education in which are described the further educational advantages offered by the city or state—high schools, trade schools, etc.—and the time necessary to be spent in each; also the probable advantages accruing from each course. The parents are asked to consult with the vocational bureau, which receives also the report of the teacher in charge of vocational matters in each school. With the help of such a bureau boys and girls have been prevented from entering occupations offering no chance for advancement, and have been placed in line to earn an adequate livelihood. Where mental equipment justifies it, children who would otherwise be obliged to become wage-earners are granted scholarships enabling them either to take training in a trade school or to continue their studies in high school. This aid is given in Cincinnati in the form of a loan granted by the Charlotte Schmidlapp Foundation. In New York the scholarships are supported by a philanthropic committee, connected with the Henry Street Settlement. Dean Herman Schneider, of the School of Engineering in the University of Cincinnati, has been working out a continuation school plan whereby instead of a trade school with expensive equipment the students in the School of Engineering are given their shop training in the factories, their instructors giving part time to factory work and part time in the University. In this way not the least valuable lesson learned is the knowledge gained by the University itself of what methods of instruction are actually of value as applied to business practice.