Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net _THE CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE SERIES._ EDITED BY HAVELOCK ELLIS. THE INDUSTRIES OF ANIMALS. THE INDUSTRIES OF ANIMALS. BY FREDERIC HOUSSAY. WITH 44 ILLUSTRATIONS. LONDON: WALTER SCOTT, LTD., 24 WARWICK LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1893. NOTE. The English edition of this book has been revised throughout and enlarged, with the author's co-operation. Numerous bibliographical references have also been added. The illustrations, when not otherwise stated, are in most cases adapted from Brehm's _Thierleben_. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION The naturalists of yesterday and the naturalists of to-day--Natural history and the natural sciences--The theory of Evolution--The chief industries of Man--The chief industries of Animals--Intelligence and instinct--Instinctive actions originate in reflective actions--The plan of study of the various industries. CHAPTER II. HUNTING--FISHING--WARS AND EXPEDITIONS The Carnivora more skilful hunters than the Herbivora--Different methods of hunting--Hunting in ambush--The baited ambush--Hunting in the dwelling or in the burrow--Coursing--Struggles that terminate the hunt--Hunting with projectiles--Particular circumstances put to profit--Methods for utilising the captured game--War and brigandage--Expeditions to acquire slaves--Wars of the ants. CHAPTER III. METHODS OF DEFENCE Flight--Feint--Resistance in common by social animals--Sentinels. CHAPTER IV. PROVISIONS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS Provisions laid up for a short period--Provisions laid up for a long period--Animals who construct barns--Physiological reserves--Stages between physiological reserves and provisions--Animals who submit food to special treatment in order to facilitate transport--Care bestowed on harvested provisions--Agricultural ants--Gardening ants--Domestic animals of ants--Degrees of civilisation in the same species of ants--Aphis-pens and paddocks--Slavery among ants. CHAPTER V. PROVISION FOR REARING THE YOUNG The preservation of the individual and the preservation of the species--Foods manufactured by the parents for their young--Species which obtain for their larvae foods manufactured by others--Carcasses of animals stored up--Provision of paralysed living animals--The cause of the paralysis--The sureness of instinct--Similar cases in which the specific instinct is less powerful and individual initiative greater--Genera less skilful in the art of paralysing victims. CHAPTER VI. DWELLINGS