The “Apostles’ Creed” and the Bishops 317-319 2. Related question as to sources of the Creed and the materials for its interpretation. Value of _written_ tradition: influence of Old Testament and common idea of prophecy: apostolicity as limit 319, 320 Marcion and the idea of a Canon 320, 321 “Faith” assumes the sense it had in Philo 321 3. But the speculative temper remained active upon the “rule of faith:” γνῶσις alongside πίστις, especially at Alexandria: Origen 321-323 Hence tendency to: (1) Identify a fact with speculations upon it 323, 324 (2) Check individual speculations in favour of those of the majority 324-326 Results: (i.) Such speculations formulated and inserted in the Creed, formally as interpretations: belief changed, but not the importance attached to it 327, 328 (ii.) Distinction between “majority” and “minority” views at a meeting, on points of metaphysical speculation 329 Resumé of the stages of belief 329, 330 Underlying conceptions to be noted 330, 331 (1) Philosophic regard for exact definition. (2) Political belief in a majority. (3) Belief in the finality of the views of an age so ascertained. Development, if admitted, cannot be arrested 332 Place of speculation in Christianity 332, 333 LECTURE XII. THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIS OF CHRISTIAN UNION: DOCTRINE IN THE PLACE OF CONDUCT. Association at first voluntary, according to the genius of Christianity 334, 335 Its basis primarily moral and spiritual: Holiness its characteristic: the “Two Ways,” Apost. Const. (Bk. i.), the Elchasaites 335-337 Also a common Hope: its changing form 337, 338 Coincident relaxation of bonds of discipline and change in idea of the Church 338, 339 Growing stress also upon the intellectual element 339, 340 Causes for this, primary and collateral 340, 341 (1) Importance given to Baptism realistically conceived: its relation to the ministrant 341, 342 (2) Intercommunion: the necessary test at first moral (e.g. Didaché), subsequently a doctrinal formula 343-345