The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
History
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783
Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
Naval history, Modern; Sea-power
"Her navy at this time," says the narrative quoted, "met one of
those shocks, a succession of which during this war degraded her
from her high station of mistress of the seas in both
hemispheres, to a contemptible rank among maritime powers. The
king was fitting out a powerful fleet to carry the war to the
coasts of Sweden, and for its equipment had commanded a
reinforcement of men and provisions to be sent from Dunkirk. A
fleet accordingly set sail, but were attacked by Von Tromp, some
captured, the remainder forced to retire within the harbor
again. Soon after, Tromp seized three English [neutral] ships
carrying 1070 Spanish soldiers from Cadiz to Dunkirk; he took
the troops out, but let the ships go free. Leaving seventeen
vessels to blockade Dunkirk, Tromp with the remaining twelve
advanced to meet the enemy's fleet on its arrival. It was soon
seen entering the Straits of Dover to the number of sixty-seven
sail, and having two thousand troops. Being joined by De Witt
with four more ships, Tromp with his small force made a resolute
attack upon the enemy. The fight lasted till four P.M., when the
Spanish admiral took refuge in the Downs. Tromp determined to
engage if they should come out; but Oquendo with his powerful
fleet, many of which carried from sixty to a hundred guns,
suffered himself to be blockaded; and the English admiral told
Tromp he was ordered to join the Spaniards if hostilities began.
Tromp sent home for instructions, and the action of England only
served to call out the vast maritime powers of the Dutch. Tromp
was rapidly reinforced to ninety-six sail and twelve fire-ships,
and ordered to attack. Leaving a detached squadron to observe
the English, and to attack them if they helped the Spaniards, he
began the fight embarrassed by a thick fog, under cover of which
the Spaniards cut their cables to escape. Many running too close
to shore went aground, and most of the remainder attempting to
retreat were sunk, captured, or driven on the French coast.
Never was victory more complete."[16]
When a navy submits to such a line of action, all tone and pride must
have departed; but the navy only shared in the general decline which
made Spain henceforward have an ever lessening weight in the policy of
Europe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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