If one or two of them are to some extent liable to the censure, it must be remembered that Ptolemy, Aristoboulos, Nearchos, Megasthenes, and others of them, are writers of unimpeachable veracity. It is to be regretted that the works in which these writers recorded their Indian experiences have all, without exception, perished. We know, however, the main substance of their contents from the histories of Alexander, written several centuries after his death by the authors we have here translated, as well as from Strabo, Pliny, Ailianos, Athênaios, Orosius, and others. The following is a list of the writers on India who visited the country either with Alexander, or not many years after his death, or who were at least his contemporaries:— 1. Ptolemy, the son of Lagos, who became king of Egypt. 2. Aristoboulos of Potidaia, or, as it was called afterwards, Kassandreia. 3. Nearchos, a Kretan by birth, but settled at Amphipolis, admiral of the fleet. 4. Onêsikritos of Astypalaia, or, as some say, of Aegina, pilot of the fleet. 5. Eumenês of Kardia, Alexander’s secretary, who kept the _Ephemerides_ or Court Journal. His countryman, Hieronymos, in his work on Alexander’s successors, made a few references to the campaigns of the Conqueror. 6. Chares of Mitylene, wrote anecdotes of Alexander’s private life. 7. Kallisthenes of Olynthos, Aristotle’s kinsman, author of an account of Alexander’s Asiatic expedition. 8. Kleitarchos (Clitarchus), son of Deinôn of Rhodes, author of a life of Alexander. 9. Androsthenes of Thasos, a naval officer, author of a Paraplous. 10. Polykleitos of Larissa, author of a history of Alexander, full of geographical details. 11. Kyrsilos of Pharsalos, who wrote of the exploits of Alexander. 12. Anaximenes of Lampsakos, author of a history of Alexander. 13. Diognêtos, who, with Baitôn, measured and recorded the distances of Alexander’s marches. 14. Archelaös, a geographer, supposed to have accompanied Alexander’s expedition. 15. Amyntas, author of a work on Alexander’s _Stathmoi_, _i.e._ stages or halting-places. 16. Patroklês, a writer on geography. 17. Megasthenês, friend of Seleukos Nikator, and his ambassador at the Court of Sandrokottos, king of Palibothra, composed an _Indika_. 18. Dêïmachos, ambassador at the same court in the days of the son and successor of Sandrokottos, author of a work on India in two books. 19. Diodotos of Erythrai, who, like Eumenês, kept Alexander’s Court Journal, and may possibly have been in India.