IRON HAFTED BATTLE-AXE FOUND AT WINCHESTER 123 PLANKS TAKEN FROM A NINTH-CENTURY WAR VESSEL SUNK IN THE HAMBLE RIVER 133 AN ANGLO-SAXON WEARING A HELMET OF LEATHER STRENGTHENED WITH METAL BANDS 135 NORSE SHIP FOUND AT GOKSTAD 151 HORSES BEING LANDED FROM TRANSPORTS 189 WILLIAM’S FLAGSHIP, THE ‘MORA’ 189 THE ATTACK ON THE ENGLISH SHIELD-WALL AT HASTINGS 201 A VERY EARLY CAST-IRON BREECH-LOADING GUN 215 WROUGHT-IRON GUN FROM THE ‘MARIE ROSE’ 219 A BRASS CANNON ROYAL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 220 THE VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM FLODDEN FIELD 253 WEAPONS NOW PRESERVED IN BAMBOROUGH CASTLE 256 AN ENGLISH BILLMAN 262 A SCOTTISH PIKEMAN 265 BROWN BILL AND A BILL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 267 AN ELIZABETHAN MIDDLE-RATE GALLEON OR BATTLESHIP 281 IRON CANNON OF THE ARMADA PERIOD 290 BRASS DODECAGONAL SAKER OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 296 A DUTCH TWO-DECKED BATTLESHIP 325 A HIGHLAND CLANSMAN OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 335 MARTELLO TOWERS ON THE SUSSEX COAST 362 MAPS AND PLANS PAGE CÆSAR’S TWO EXPEDITIONS TO BRITAIN IN 55 AND 54 B.C. 27 THE CAMPAIGN OF A.D. 60 AGAINST BOUDICCA 49 THE PASS THROUGH THE LAMMERMUIRS 101 BRITAIN FROM ABOUT 500-570 103 BRITAIN ABOUT 613 111 ENGLISH AND NORTHMEN AT THE DEATH OF ALFRED 149 THE FINAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN EADMUND II. AND CNUT 175 THE CAMPAIGN OF 1066 185 PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS 195 PLAN OF THE FLODDEN MANŒUVRE 259 PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN 264 ORDER OF SAILING OF THE SPANISH ARMADA 297 THE DUTCH IN THE MEDWAY 322, 323 ENGLAND INVADED CHAPTER I CÆSAR’S INVASIONS