The Invention of Typography: A Brief Sketch of the Invention of Printing and How it Came AboutHamilton, Frederick W. (Frederick William)
History
The Invention of Typography: A Brief Sketch of the Invention of Printing and How it Came About
Hamilton, Frederick W. (Frederick William)
Printing -- History -- Origin and antecedents
For one thing, there are twenty editions of the Donatus. We have no way
of knowing how near together the editions were, but when we compare them
with the editions of the Donatus later published we shall see that it is
not unreasonable to suppose that they run back some thirty years. There
were also four editions of the Speculum and eight editions of the
Doctrinale. In each case the evidence of other printers shows that even
one of the small editions usually published at that time lasted for a
considerable period. The appearance of the books themselves bears out
this conclusion. Good as the later ones are, they are inferior to Mainz
workmanship of their period and the earlier ones are far inferior to
Mainz workmanship of any period. They are not only without signatures,
initial directors, hyphens, and catch words, all of which had come into
use before 1474, but they show certain other remarkable peculiarities.
Many of these editions were printed on vellum, which is not in itself
remarkable, as vellum continued to be used for a good many years for
some books and for special copies of certain editions. Some of them show
a further peculiarity of having vellum and paper combined together, some
of the pages being printed on sheets of vellum and some being printed on
sheets of paper. A considerable number of these books are printed only
on one side of the page. None of the early Mainz books show this
peculiarity. Some of these books not only show the curious combination
of paper and vellum just noted, but curious combinations of the use of
block and type. In some cases the upper part of the page shows a picture
printed from a block while the lower part is printed from type.
The blocks thus used are the old familiar blocks of the Speculum but
with no text carved on the block. Some of the books show the peculiarity
of certain pages of text printed from blocks and other pages of text
printed from type.
The accompanying illustrations show a reproduction of a page of a
Donatus printed from blocks, and a reproduction of a Donatus printed
from type by Coster. They are taken from Holtrop’s Monuments
Typographiques des Pays-Bas. Two pages, not consecutive, of the printed
Donatus, were found in the binding of a book published in Delft in 1484.
The leaves are of vellum, printed on one side only. The ink is pale and
is soluble in water. There is no punctuation and there are no hyphens at
the ends of lines where words are divided, showing that the font
contained only letters. The lines are fairly regular in length and end
with either a complete word or a syllable. The form is well locked up
and the presswork is fair. The letters are of slightly varying size and
are not in perfect alignment. Apparently each letter was cut
independently on the end of the type body and the cutter was not
sufficiently skillful to center them perfectly.
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