The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
Meyer quotes the text of Gregory of Tours, who describes the
installation of Clovis the Frankish king as Consul of the West in 508,
with all the pomp and honour of Roman custom, and repeats the rather
problematic suggestion that this diptych commemorates the occasion.
The ivory tablet in the British Museum, called the Apotheosis of
Romulus, from a very doubtful reading of the monogram, is probably
also of the fifth or even sixth century, though its thoroughly heathen
subject seems to necessitate an earlier date. The composition is
most elaborate. Below, the Consul, clad in the toga, is seated in an
architectural triumphal car drawn by four elephants, each with their
driver. In the centre he is seen in miniature driving in a quadriga,
which bears him upward, preceded by eagles, from the funeral pile to
the heavens, where he is again represented in the hands of winged
genii, who present him to the assembled gods.
This is interesting as being an example of that continuous method of
composition, in which the same figure is repeated acting in sequence.
This method was introduced into Roman art about the Augustan age, and
was largely continued by Christian art, especially in the MSS. It
gained great popularity, and for a while it seemed doubtful whether the
“continuous” or the “episodic” method would be the leading feature in
modern art.[7]
Several consular diptychs have been turned to Christian religious
uses by slight alterations of the figures, and by the removal of
inscriptions and scenes from the games.
The most important transformed diptych is in the Cathedral Treasury
at Monza (No. 44), which now represents St. Gregory and King David.
The alterations have been considerable, and have given rise to many
differences of opinion, but the latest writers, with the exception
of Meyer, have gone back to the opinion of the earliest, Gori, who
declared the consular origin of these tablets.
St. Gregory did not die till 604, so could not have been canonized
before the seventh century, and the style is fully that of the consular
diptychs in the first half of the preceding century. The saints are
depicted in full consular robes, the right hand raised with the _mappa_
in the act of flinging it into the arena, and in the left the _scipio_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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