The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
The background has the typical decorated arch, supported by cannelated
pilasters, over the capitals of which are rectangular spaces having
the names of Gregory and David cut with a deep background, as if to
destroy any under carving. Above the arch is a cross similar to that
on Fig. 4, on each side are two eagles of the Bourges pattern (No.
39). David sits on a curule chair, his feet resting on a stool in good
consular fashion. On each side of the chair, above the leg, is a square
with deep cut carving. These squares might have contained the now
obliterated busts of Rome and Constantinople, which decorate that part
on the diptych of Anastasius (No. 17). In fact the knot and twisted
stalks almost follow the outlines of a head and shoulders. There is
more deep carving let in a narrow groove between the pilasters and the
smooth background, all of which has a Carlovingian character.
St. Gregory has been given a tonsure and his hair has been cut at
the expense of his ears, which have been cut away too. The robes
are untouched, but Gregory’s sceptre has been altered to a cross.
Above the head of David are faint traces of an inscription on the
smooth background, and on the other leaf there is a later inscription
referring to Gregory’s Antiphonary, to a copy of which the tablets
formerly acted as a cover.
On a reliquary book cover at Prague is another consul changed into
St. Peter (No. 45). This figure has suffered considerably, for the
_trabea_ has been so much smoothed that it is hardly distinguishable.
The _mappa_ has been turned into a _volumen_ or roll, the _scipio_ into
a key, and the feet have been bared.
There appears to have been a class of diptychs, each leaf consisting
of five pieces joined together by ivory beading or metal mountings.
The four pieces were arranged like a frame round the central and most
important plaque. (See the later Christian book cover, Fig. 10.) Meyer
suggests they were especially intended for gifts to members of the
imperial family.
Some of these five-piece panels were more probably intended as book
covers, but one undoubted consular diptych in five parts still
survives, though the pieces are scattered. Two horizontal strips are
in the collection of the Marchese di Trivulzio at Milan. The upper one,
with a bust of Constantinople borne by two winged figures, is inscribed
with a dedication to an Emperor, while the lower strip, which is carved
with barbarians rushing forward to present tribute (the same motive as
that of the Magi), bears the Consul’s titles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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