The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
After this time angels were rarely represented without wings; the
absence of wings makes the beautiful nimbed angel on the Trivulzio
plaque quite indistinguishable from the figures of Christ on the
British Museum plaques with the Passion. It is interesting to note,
just about the end of the fourth century, the earliest representation
of the symbolism of the Apocalypse in the presence of the Bull of St.
Luke and St. Matthew’s Angel. The round shape of the tomb, with the
raised tiled roof, is a difficult point, it appears to be the germ
of the elaborate circular edifice with a cupola which became such a
feature in purely Byzantine Art; but there were many circular tombs[10]
in Rome for the artist to copy, and the huge round mass of the
Mausoleum of Hadrian consisted of a drum, raised on a square basis, and
decorated with columns and statues in a rather similar manner to the
tomb on the fine Byzantine plaque with the _Ascension_, in the Munich
Museum.
Thus we find the two sets of plaques in the British Museum and the
Trivulzio tablet closely connected with each other and in touch with
the Brescia casket. The workmanship is not so good on the smaller
pieces, but on the whole the drawing is fairly correct, the drapery
well designed and falling in few and soft folds over the rather chubby
forms; and the whole technique is very different from the unyielding
draperies and the too minute details of the consular diptychs.
Sculpture in ivory prospered, while that in marble declined. The
fashion of sculptured marble sarcophagi had almost died out in the
sixth century; but the Latin types and traditions were carried on
by a series of carved pyxes, till they gradually merged in the
Latino-Byzantine Art.
These pyxes are little circular boxes made in Italy, and dating
practically from the fifth and sixth centuries. Many were of pagan
origin, and decorated with mythological subjects, some being used for
the toilet requisites of Roman ladies; and others were, doubtless,
_accerae_, or boxes for holding incense for heathen worship, such as we
see in the hand of the lovely Bacchante on the diptych of the Symmachi
family in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Afterwards they found a place
in Christian liturgy, being used to hold the Reservation of the Host.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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