41 (p. 175).--These orders, except the Minimes, were Franciscan. The Capuchins (so named from the sharply-pointed _capuce_, or hood, of their robe) were organized in 1528, as a new division of the _Fratres Minores_ of St. Francis of Assisi; and were received into France in 1573, at the request of Charles IX., and at the recommendation of Cardinal Lorraine. In 1632, they, were asked by Richelieu to take charge of the religious affairs of Canada; but, they declined this proposal, ostensibly through unwillingness to displace the Jesuits, and later went to Acadia. For an account of their work in Maine, see _Historical Magazine_, vol. viii., p. 301. The Cordeliers, named from the knotted cord worn at the waist, have two branches,--the conventuals, who are allowed to possess real estate; and the observants, who may not own any property. The Récollets, strictest of all the Franciscan orders, were thus termed because, devoting themselves to religious meditation (Fr. _récollection_), they asked from Pope Clement VII., in 1531, permission to retire into special convents, that they might more literally observe their founder's rule. For an account of their missionary work in Canada, see Editor's Introduction, vol. i. of this series. They carried on extensive missionary labors in Spanish America, where, in 1621, they had 500 convents, distributed in 22 provinces.--Ferland's _Cours d'Histoire_, vol. i., p. 169. The Minimes were founded in 1453, by St. Francis de Paula, of Calabria. Their rule is especially austere, involving total abstinence from wine, flesh, and fish, and even from eggs, milk, or butter. Their founder named them _Minimos Fratres_, as a special indication of humility. He also instituted an order of Minimes for women, in 1493. 42 (p. 177).--Samuel de Champlain was born probably between 1567 and 1570 (the exact date is unknown); his parents lived at Brouage, a fortified town in Saintonge, where was a large manufacture of salt and the finest harbor on the French coast. Champlain became a navigator early in life, and was also a quartermaster in the royal army in Brittany, from 1592 to 1598.