The kaleidoscope : $b its history, theory and construction. With its application to the fine and useful artsBrewster, David
Science
The kaleidoscope : $b its history, theory and construction. With its application to the fine and useful arts
Brewster, David
Kaleidoscopes
In considering the velocity with which each pair of images revolves,
it will be readily seen that the pair on each side, and nearest the
fixed pair, will have an angular velocity _double_ that of the mirror
=B O=; the next pair on each side will have a velocity _four_ times as
great as that of the mirror; the next pair will have a velocity _eight_
times as great, and the next pair a velocity _sixteen_ times as great
as that of the mirror, the velocity of any pair being always double the
velocity of the pair which is adjacent to it on the side of the fixed
pair. The reason of this will be manifest, when we recollect what has
already been demonstrated, that the velocity of the image is always
double that of the mirror, when the mirror alone moves towards the
object, and quadruple that of the mirror when both are in motion, and
when the object approaches the mirror with twice the velocity. When =B
O= moves from =A O=, the image in the sector =B O _a_= moves with twice
the velocity of the mirror; but since the image in =_b_ O β= is an
image of the image in =B O _a_= reflected from the fixed mirror =A O=,
it also will move with the same velocity, or twice that of the mirror
=B O=. Again, the image in the sector =_a_ O α=, being a reflexion of
the stationary image in =A O _b_= from the moving mirror, will itself
move with double the velocity of the mirror. But the image in the next
sector =α O β= is a reflexion of the image in =_b_ O β= from the moving
mirror =B O=; and as this latter image has been shown to move in the
direction =_b_ β=, with twice the velocity of the mirror =B O=, while
the mirror =B O= itself moves towards the image, it follows that the
image in =α O β= will move with a velocity four times that of the
mirror. The same reasoning may be extended to any number of sectors,
and it will be found that in the semicircle =M _b e_=, containing the
fixed mirror,
The {2 and 3} 2} times the
images {4 and 5} reflexions, move with 4} velocity of
formed {6 and 7} 8} the mirror;
by {8 and 9} 16}
whereas in the semicircle =M _a e_=, containing the movable mirror,—
The {1 and 2} 2 { times the
images {3 and 4} reflexions, move with 4 { velocity of
formed {5 and 6} 8 { the mirror;
by {7 and 8} 16{
a progression which may be continued to any length.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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