The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892Various
History
The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892
Various
Natural history -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals
From theorems which we have already proved for a system of cubics
having a common node and passing through five others fixed points,
we can infer other theorems for a system of quartics having a common
triple point and passing through seven other fixed points. For example,
any conic through the common double point and two of the fixed points
is cut by the cubics in pairs of points which determine at the node a
pencil in involution. Hence any cubic having its node at the common
triple point and passing through any four of the fixed points is cut
by the quartics in pairs of points which determine at the common
triple point a pencil in involution. Again, the pairs of tangents to
the cubics at the common double point form a pencil in involution, the
two cuspidal tangents being the foci of the pencil. Inverting:—the
line at infinity (which passes through two of the fixed points, i. e.
the circular points) cuts the system of circular quartics in pairs
of points in involution. Projecting:—a line through any two of the
seven fixed points cuts the system of quartics in pairs of points
in involution. Since the line at infinity touches the inverse of a
cuspidal cubic, it follows that any line through two of the fixed
points will touch two of the quartics of the system; these points of
contact are therefore the foci of the involution.
Other theorems on such a system of quartics will be given in the next
section.
SYSTEMS OF QUARTICS THROUGH SIXTEEN POINTS.
Let U and V represent a system of quartics through sixteen points.
Since the discriminant of quartic is of the 27th degree in the
coefficients it follows that there are 27 values of k for which the
discriminant vanishes, and hence 27 quartics of the system which
have double points. As in case of cubics these 27 points are called
the critic centres of the system. Let the equation of the system of
quartics be written
u₄ + u₃ + u₂ + u₁ + u₀ = 0.
In a manner similar to that employed for cubics, we find the equation
of the polar cubics of the origin with respect to the system to be
u₃ + 2u₂ + 3u₁ + 4u₀ = 0.
The polar conics of the origin are given by
u₂ + 3u₁ + 6u₀ = 0;
and the polar lines of the origin, by u₁ + 4u₀ = 0.
The origin may be any point in the plane and hence we conclude that
only one quartic of the system passes through a given point and that
the polar cubics of any point form a system through nine points. The
polar conics of any point form a system through four points and the
polar lines meet in a point.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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