The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892 — John Shaqi
The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892Various
History
The Kansas University Quarterly, Vol. I, No. 2, October 1892
Various
Natural history -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals
The system of cubics having a common node may have one, two, or three
of the other basal points at infinity; and these may be all distinct
or two or three of them coincident. Whence we infer that if the system
of quartics have ten coincident basal points, one of the tangents at
the triple point is common to all the quartics of the system. If eleven
basal points coincide, two of the triple-point tangents are common to
all the quartics. If twelve coincide, all three triple-point tangents
are common. These triple-point tangents may be all distinct, two
coincident, or all three coincident.
If thirteen basal points coincide, the system of quartics then consists
of the three fixed lines joining the multiple point to the other three,
together with a pencil of lines through the multiple point. If fourteen
points coincide, two lines are fixed and these with any two lines of
the pencil form a quartic of the system. If fifteen points coincide,
only one line is fixed and each quartic consists of this line and any
other three of the pencil. When all sixteen points coincide, any four
lines through it form a quartic of the system.
In this paper cubic and quartic curves only are considered. I expect
in a future paper to extend the methods herein developed to curves of
still higher degrees. Many of the present results can be generalized
and stated for a unicursal curve of the nth degree. I have purposely
omitted all consideration of focal properties of these curves. There
are also many special forms of interest which do not properly belong to
a general treatment of the subject.
NOTE A.
The theorem concerning the three points on a conic A, B, and C, whose
osculating circles pass through a fourth point O on the conic, is due
to Steiner. From the properties of the harmonic polars of the points of
inflection on a nodal cubic we may infer many other theorems concerning
the points A, B, and C on a conic. Let the cubic be projected into
a circular cubic and then inverted from the node. Its points of
inflection A₁, B₁, C₁ invert into the points A, B, and C. The harmonic
polar of A₁ inverts into the common chord O P of the circles osculating
the conic at B and C; and similarly for the other harmonic polars.
The pencil O {A B P C} is harmonic. Any circle through A and O meets
the conic in S and T so that the pencil O {A S P T} is harmonic. The
two circles through O and tangent to the conic at S and T intersect on
O P. If two circles be drawn through O and A intersecting the conic
one in S and T and the other in U and V, the circles O S U and O T V
intersect on O P; so also the circles O S V and O T U. But one circle
can be drawn through O and A and tangent to the conic; its point of
contact is on O P. Let l, m, and n be three points on the conic on a
circle through O. Draw the circles O A l, O A m, and O A n intersecting
the conic again in l₁, m₁, n₁; l₁, m₁, n₁, are also on a circle through
O, and the circles through l, m, n and l₁, m₁, n₁ intersect on O P.
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