During the prophase the chromatin segments in the cells of _Orchesticus_ and other species of the Locustids are heavier, more granular and denser than they are in _Hippiscus_. It is to be observed, also, that there is a greater variation in the size of the elements. This fact is observable from the earliest appearance of definite segments down through both the spermatocyte mitoses. This disproportion may be such that one chromosome will exceed another in the same cell by twenty or thirty times its volume. We have here, as is pointed out in another place, a strong proof concerning the individuality of the chromosomes, for in some species it is possible to distinguish a particular chromosome in all the spermatocytes. This is strikingly the case in _Anabrus_, where there is always one chromosome very much larger than any of the others. It exceeds in size even the accessory chromosome, and might be mistaken for it were it not for the difference in form. It is, however, typically a tetrad, and shows the four chromatids, while the accessory chromosome exhibits the usual spermatogonial condition. As was indicated under the head of “Observations,” the prophase tetrad characteristic of _Anasa_ and _Hippiscus_ is again exemplified in the Locustid cells. So close is the resemblance of the maturation chromosomes of these various insect cells in their early stages, that I now regard it as practically established that they are commonly present in all insect spermatocytes. No more important evidence regarding chromosome structure and behavior can be obtained than that afforded by these elements. Particularly are the ring figures of value in the determination of the sequence of the longitudinal and cross divisions, and upon this point the material from the two families is equally convincing and positive in demonstrating that the first spermatocyte mitosis witnesses a separation along the longitudinal cleft of the spireme thread. I should like to emphasize the fact that the chromosomes in both the Orthopteran families studied have been carefully traced from their earlier appearance down to the time of their dissolution in the spermatid through such a gradual series of changes that there can be no reasonable doubt of the accuracy of the conclusion set forth in these papers. The Orthopteran material possesses one distinct advantage over the Hemipteran, in that the point of cross-division is always marked by the same sort of a protuberance as is to be distinguished in the early chromatin segments. When the two free ends of the element are brought around to form a closed ring, the last particle of doubt regarding the position of the planes of separation marked out for the two spermatocyte divisions is dispelled.