The Kansas University science bulletin, Vol. I, No. 8, September 1902 — John Shaqi
The Kansas University science bulletin, Vol. I, No. 8, September 1902
Science
The Kansas University science bulletin, Vol. I, No. 8, September 1902
Science -- Periodicals
“Le ‘chromosome accessoire,’ découvert par McClung chez _Xiphidium
fasciatum_, se retrouve chez les locustiens que nous avons étudiés.
Chez _Orphania_, il se divise dans les spermatogonies en deux masses
volumineuses et allongés, que l’on reconnait dans les nucléoles,
également volumineux et allongés, des spermatocytes de premier ordre
en prophase. A la métaphase de la première cinèse, on le trouve situé
excentriquement et plus près de l’un des pôles; _il va tout entier a
l’une des cellules-filles_. Dans celle-ci, il se divise comme un
chromosome ordinaire, d’où il suit que _sur quatre spermatides formant
la descendance d’un spermatocyte, deux se trouvent privilegiees_. Par
ce partage inégal, non réalise dans _Xiphidium fasciatum_, d’après
McClung, le chromosome spécial d’Orphania rappelle celui des
hémiptères.”
A like series of processes is recognized in the Phasmids.
As is elsewhere explained in this paper, the occurrence of two divisions
of the accessory chromosome in _Xiphidium_, which was mentioned as a
possible occurrence in my preliminary paper, is shown not to take place.
While it is much more difficult to demonstrate the undivided condition
of the accessory chromosome in one of the spermatocyte mitoses of
_Xiphidium_ than it is in the cells of _Orchesticus_, _Anabrus_,
_Scudderia_, and _Microcentrum_, I am convinced that it does not differ
from the other Locustids in this respect.
We may therefore feel assured that our knowledge of the morphological
character of the accessory chromosome in the Orthoptera is fairly well
established. This gives us a good base from which to conduct further
comparative studies into other groups, and it is to be hoped that our
knowledge of this element will rapidly increase.
Unfortunately, de Sinéty has chosen to add another name to the already
overburdened list of synonyms, and “chromosome spécial” now takes its
place in the literature of insect spermatogenesis. The reason for adding
this name—
“Il reçu successivement leg noms de ‘accessory chromosome’ (McClung),
‘small chromosome’ (Paulmier), ‘chromatin nucleolus’ (?), ‘chromosome
_x_’ (Montgomery). Nous avons préféré éviter ces appellations, qui
semblent toutes supposer une signification qui n’a jamais été définie
ou s’appuyer sur des caractères plus ou moins secondaires, pour
adopter un nom indifférent, celui de ‘chromosome spécial,’ nous
conformant à l’idée de Wilson, pour qui c’est un ‘extra chromosome,’”
would seem to be at least insufficient, since “accessory chromosome” can
scarcely be regarded as implying any more primary or secondary function
than can “chromosome spécial.”
(_f_) _Individuality of the Chromosomes._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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