The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on SúfiismHujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Islamic
The Kashf al-mahjúb: The oldest Persian treatise on Súfiism
Hujviri, ‘Ali ibn ‘Usman
Sufism -- Early works to 1800
Junayd was asked: “Do you wish to see God?” He said: “No.” They asked
why. He answered: “When Moses wished, he did not see Him, and when
Muḥammad did not wish, he saw Him.” Our wishing is the greatest of the
veils that hinder us from seeing God, because in love the existence of
self-will is disobedience, and disobedience is a veil. When self-will
vanishes in this world, contemplation is attained, and when
contemplation is firmly established, there is no difference between this
world and the next. Abú Yazíd says: “God has servants who would
apostatize if they were veiled from Him in this world or in the next,”
i.e. He sustains them with perpetual contemplation and keeps them alive
with the life of love; and when one who enjoys revelation is deprived of
it, he necessarily becomes an apostate. Dhu ´l-Nún says: “One day, when
I was journeying in Egypt, I saw some boys who were throwing stones at a
young man. I asked them what they wanted of him. They said: ‘He is mad.’
I asked how his madness showed itself, and they told me that he
pretended to see God. I turned to the young man and inquired whether he
had really said this. He answered: ‘I say that if I should not see God
for one moment, I should remain veiled and should not be obedient
towards Him.’” Some Ṣúfís have fallen into the mistake of supposing that
spiritual vision and contemplation represent such an idea (_ṣúratí_) of
God as is formed in the mind by the imagination either from memory or
reflection. This is utter anthropomorphism (_tashbíh_) and manifest
error. God is not finite that the imagination should be able to define
Him or that the intellect should comprehend His nature. Whatever can be
imagined is homogeneous with the intellect, but God is not homogeneous
with any _genus_, although in relation to the Eternal all phenomenal
objects—subtle and gross alike—are homogeneous with each other
notwithstanding their mutual contrariety. Therefore contemplation in
this world resembles vision of God in the next world, and since the
Companions of the Apostle (_aṣḥáb_) are unanimously agreed that vision
is possible hereafter, contemplation is possible here. Those who tell of
contemplation either in this or the other world only say that it is
possible, not that they have enjoyed or now enjoy it, because
contemplation is an attribute of the heart (_sirr_) and cannot be
expressed by the tongue except metaphorically. Hence silence ranks
higher than speech, for silence is a sign of contemplation
(_musháhadat_), whereas speech is a sign of ocular testimony
(_shahádat_). Accordingly the Apostle, when he attained proximity to
God, said: “I cannot tell Thy praise,” because he was in contemplation,
and contemplation in the degree of love is perfect unity (_yagánagí_),
and any outward expression in unity is other-ness (_bégánagí_). Then he
said: “Thou hast praised Thyself,” i.e. Thy words are mine, and Thy
praise is mine, and I do not deem my tongue capable of expressing what I
feel. As the poet says:
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