XX. RUSSIAN ARCTIC DISCOVERIES 175 XXI. THE BRITISH WHALE FISHERY AND THE SCORESBYS 188 XXII. BUCHAN AND ROSS 198 XXIII. PARRY AND HIS SCHOOL 205 XXIV. DISCOVERY OF THE NORTH COAST OF AMERICA. FRANKLIN. RICHARDSON. BACK. DEASE. SIMPSON. RAE 222 XXV. JOHN ROSS, JAMES ROSS, AND THE NORTH MAGNETIC POLE 233 XXVI. THE FRANKLIN EXPEDITION 238 XXVII. THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN. I 248 XXVIII. THE SEARCH FOR FRANKLIN. II 263 XXIX. DISCOVERY OF THE FATE OF FRANKLIN 272 XXX. THE EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. SCORESBY. CLAVERING. GRAAH. KOLDEWEY 279 XXXI. SPITSBERGEN. EXPEDITIONS BEFORE 1872 285 XXXII. FRANZ JOSEF LAND AND ITS EXPLORERS 289 XXXIII. THE ROUTE BY SMITH SOUND. KANE. HAYES. HALL. NARES. MARKHAM 298 XXXIV. SIR ALLEN YOUNG AND THE _PANDORA_. AMUNDSEN AND THE NORTH WEST PASSAGE 311 XXXV. WEYPRECHT’S PLAN FOR SYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS. THE GREELY EXPEDITION 316 XXXVI. THE NORTH EAST PASSAGE. NORDENSKIÖLD. WIGGINS. DE LONG 322 XXXVII. GREENLAND AND ITS INLAND ICE. NORDENSKIÖLD, NANSEN, PEARY 331 XXXVIII. THE TRANS-POLAR DRIFT. NANSEN AND THE VOYAGE OF THE _FRAM_ 340 XXXIX. THE PARRY ARCHIPELAGO. SVERDRUP 347 XL. ATTEMPTS TO REACH THE NORTH POLE. CAGNI. COOK. PEARY 351 XLI. KOOLEMANS BEYNEN AND THE VOYAGES OF THE _WILLEM BARENTSZ_. SIR MARTIN CONWAY AND SPITSBERGEN. CAPTAIN BERNIER AND CANADIAN ARCTIC LANDS 358 XLII. EAST COAST OF GREENLAND. DANISH EXPEDITIONS 364 XLIII. LATER GREENLAND EXPLORATIONS. MIKKELSEN. RASMUSSEN. KOCH 376 XLIV. CONCLUSION 383 PART II XLV. THE GREAT SOUTHERN CONTINENT 389 XLVI. CAPTAIN COOK. BELLINGSHAUSEN 394 XLVII. THE SOUTH SHETLANDS. FOSTER. WEDDELL 398 XLVIII. ENDERBY AND HIS CAPTAINS: BISCOE--KEMPE--BALLENY 403 XLIX. DUMONT D’URVILLE AND WILKES 407 L. FIRST ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 410 LI. SECOND ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 418