LII. THIRD ANTARCTIC VOYAGE OF SIR JAMES ROSS 422 LIII. ANTARCTIC OCEANOGRAPHY 426 LIV. REVIVAL OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION 430 LV. PRIVATE EXPEDITIONS--BORCHGREVINK. GERLACHE. NORDENSKIÖLD. BRUCE. DRYGALSKI. CHARCOT. FILCHNER 433 LVI. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 444 LVII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. FIRST YEAR 455 LVIII. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. THE _MORNING_ 466 LIX. THE SOCIETIES’ ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. SECOND YEAR 471 LX. SHACKLETON’S ATTEMPT TO REACH THE POLE 478 LXI. AMUNDSEN’S JOURNEY TO THE SOUTH POLE 482 LXII. MAWSON’S EXPEDITION 486 LXIII. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. I. 489 LXIV. CAPTAIN SCOTT’S LAST EXPEDITION. THE END 500 LXV. REMAINING ANTARCTIC WORK 505 CHRONOLOGY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS 509 BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLAR VOYAGES AND TRAVELS 514 INDEX 519 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS PORTRAIT OF SIR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, by George Henry, A.R.A. (Photogravure by Mr Emery Walker from a photograph by Messrs Cooper and Humphreys) FRONTISPIECE MAP OF THE POLAR REGIONS 5 EFFECTS OF PRESSURE ON ANTARCTIC ICE. (From Scott’s _Voyage of the Discovery_) 11 INTERIOR OF GREENLAND HUT (_Billeder fra Grönland_, 1852) 22 GREENLANDERS DANCING (_Billeder fra Grönland_, 1852) 22 VIKING SHIP. (_Phot._ O. Vaering) 35 THE SOUTH-WESTERN EXTREMITY OF GREENLAND 40 RUINS IN KINGOA-DAL, SOUTH GREENLAND 48 THE ZENI MAP. (Based on the facsimile in _Voyages of the Zeni_, Hakluyt Society, 1873) 54 ASTROLABE IN GONVILLE AND CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE (EARLY 14TH CENTURY). (Venn, _Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College_, vol. IV.) 57 WILLEM BARENTSZ. (De Vries, _Oud-Holland_) 69 NOVAYA ZEMLYA, SHOWING ENTRANCES TO KARA SEA 71 “A WONDER IN THE HEAVENS, AND HOW WE CAUGHT A BEAR.” (De Bry, _India Orientalis_, 1599) 73 “HOW OUR SHIP STUCK FAST IN THE ICE.” (De Bry) 74 PART OF HONDIUS’S MAP OF 1611, SHOWING BARENTSZ’S DISCOVERIES 77