Clive, Lord: birth of 306; campaigns of 307; Plassey 308; wealth of 309; attacked by landlords 310. Cluny: founded 72; growth of 73; controls papacy 75. Cobden: attacks landlords 341; origin of 341. Cobham, Lord: trial of 193; attempts conventual confiscation 195. Cœur-de-Lion: leads crusade 130; treats with Saladin 131. Coinage, Roman: copper 15; silver 20; debasement of 26; becomes gold monometallic 27, 30; passes by weight 31; of Constantinople 55; debasement of coinage of Constantinople 56; becomes silver under Charlemagne 129; Venetian 129; gold of thirteenth century 129; debasement of French pound 170; debasement of English penny 195; base money of Henry VIII. 206; standard restored by Elizabeth 300; recoinage by William III. 302; depreciation in eighteenth century 303; English gold of nineteenth century 330; passes by weight 326, 330; _see_ Gold standard. Coloni: debtors 33; barbarians settled as 39; predecessors of mediæval serfs 244. Commerce: _see_ Eastern trade, Fairs of Champagne, Slaving, West Indies. Commons: rights of tenants in 244; enclosure of, in sixteenth century 245; cause of Kett’s rebellion 250; final absorption of 317. Communes: rise of 157; character of 160; hostile to clergy 162; not martial 164; insolvency of 169. Constantine: built Constantinople 28; vision of 60; victory of Milvian Bridge 61. Constantinople: becomes the economic centre of the world 28; prosperity of after fall of Western Empire 49, 50; colonized by Roman capitalists 49; taxation of 49; poverty of under Theodosius II. 50; prosperity of under Justinian I. 51; population changes under Heraclius 52; becomes an Asiatic city 52; declines in eleventh century 53; civilization of economic 53; description of by Rabbi Benjamin 53; population of economic and cowardly 54; economic condition of in twelfth century 87; army of 88; sack of 144; _see_ Coinage and Architecture. Convents: mediæval founders of 68; efficacy of intercession of 69; Benedictine 72; early discipline of 72; consolidation of 72; Cluny 73; control papacy 78; armies organized by 99; fortresses built by 99; patronized for miracles 109; wealth of 154; attacked by feudal nobles 155; hostile to communes 160, 161; taxed by Philip the Fair 172; revenues seized by Edward I. 195; attacked by Lollards 196; bill to suppress 231; visitation of 235; visitors of 235–238; spoliation of 239. Corn: price of at Rome 17; distribution of at Rome 18; price of in 1849 345; Corn Laws 340; repeal of 340. Councils of the Church: Hildebrand’s propositions at council of 1076 75; of Clermont 83; of Troyes 98; of Étampes 110; Néelle 136; Vienne 184.