Egypt: cheap labour of 19; grain ships of 19; architecture of 90; conquered by Saladin 103; slave trade with Venice of 126; crusaders defeated in 151. Elizabeth: greed of 257; severe to clergy 269; letter about Ely House 270. England: Lollardy in 186; Reformation in, an economic phenomenon 190; debasement of currency in 194; martyrdoms in 199; condition of in Middle Ages 202; new nobility of 212 _et seq._; convents suppressed in 233 _et seq._; population of in Middle Ages 243; social revolution in, in sixteenth century 245, 246; not originally maritime 254; seamen of 255; prosperity of in seventeenth century 292; industrial revolution in 315; distress in after 1815 332; ruin of aristocracy of 341, 348; money-lenders autocratic in 344; _see_ Bank, and Church of England, and Yeomen. Exchanges: _see_ Rome, Constantinople, Eastern trade, Fairs of Champagne, Venice. Fairs, _see_ Champagne. Fetish, _see_ Relics. Fisher: temperament of 277. Flotte: chancellor of Philip the Fair 165. France: convents of in tenth century 72; Cluny 73; decentralization of in eleventh century 80; money of 80; barbarian invasions of 80; seat of Gothic architecture 89; ogive introduced into 95; emotional in eleventh century 107; disintegration of in tenth century 152; kings of enjoy supernatural powers 153; alliance of crown with clergy 154; consolidation of under Philip Augustus 158; centralization of under Saint Louis 165; depreciation of coinage of 170; estates of sustain Philip the Fair 174; castles of 202. Frumentariæ Leges, _see_ Corn. Gardiner, Stephen: on _True Obedience_ 265; rise of 276; death of 277. Germans: hunted by Romans for slaves 39; used as recruits 40; invade the Empire 46; character of in fourth century 48; adopt the gold standard 347. Glastonbury: suppression of 240. Godfrey de Bouillon: elected King of Jerusalem 85; his kingdom 86; his alliance with Venice 127. Gold: ratio of to silver in Roman Empire 30; fall of value of in sixth century 48; ratio of to silver in thirteenth century 169. Gold standard: in Rome 31; under the Merovingians 80; in England 330; Overstone’s views on 337; in Germany 347; elsewhere 348; effect of 347. Gunther: chronicle of 137; sails with Dandolo 138. Hanse of London: organization of 158; trades at fairs of Champagne 159; Italian merchants frequent 159. Hastings: Governor-General 310; policy of 311. Hattin: battle of 123. Hawkins, John: a slaver 289. Héloïse, hymn of 368. Henry IV., Emperor: breach with Hildebrand 75; penance at Canossa 77; death of 77.