Havelok the Dane (Legendary character) -- Romances
_Nouns._ As regards the nouns employed, I may remark that the final _e_
is perhaps always sounded in the oblique cases, and especially in the
dative case; as in _nedè_, _stedè_, &c. (see ll. 86-105), _willè_, 85,
_gyuè_, 357, _blissè_, 2187, _cricè_, 2450; cf. the adjectives _longè_,
2299, _wisè_, 1713; also the nominatives _rosè_, 2919, _newè_, 2974.
_Frend_ is a pl. form; cf. _hend_, which is both a plural (2444) and a
dat. sing. (505). In the plural, the final _e_ is fully pronounced in
the adjectives _allè_, 2, _hardè_, 143, _starkè_, 1015, _fremdè_, 2277,
_bleikè_, 470, and in many others; cf. the full form _boþen_, 2223. Not
only does the phrase _none kines_, of no kind, occur in ll. 861, 1140,
but we find the unusual phrase _neuere kines_, of never a kind, in
l. 2691. Among the numerals, we find not only _þre_, but _þrinne_.
_Pronouns._ The first personal pronoun occurs in many forms in the
nominative, as _i_, _y_, _hi_, _ich_, _ic_, _hic_, and even _ihc_; the
oblique cases take the form _me_. For the second person, we have _þu_,
_þou_, in the nominative, and also _tu_, when preceded by _þat_, as in
l. 2903. We may notice also _hijs_ for _his_, l. 47; _he_ for _they_;
_sho_, 112, _scho_, 126, _sche_, 1721, for _she_; and, in particular,
the dual form _unker_, of you two, 1882. The most noteworthy possessive
pronouns are _minè_, pl. 1365, _þinè_, pl. 620; _his_ or _hise_, pl.
_hisè_, 34; _ure_, 606; _youres_, 2800; _hirè_, 2918, with which cf. the
dat. sing. _hirè_ of the personal pronoun, 85, 300. _þis_ is plural, and
means _these_, in l. 1145. As in other old English works, _men_ is
frequently an impersonal pronoun, answering to the French _on_, and is
followed by a singular verb; as in _men ringes_, 390, _men seyt and
suereth_, 647, _men fetes_, 2341, _men nam_, 900, _men birþe_, 2101,
_men dos_, 2434; cf. _folk sau_, 2410; but there are a few instances of
its use with a plural verb, as _men haueden_, 901, _men shulen_, 747.
The former is the more usual construction.
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